CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
This chapter presents the methodology to be used in the study. It will include; Research design, population and sample of techniques, Target/Accessible population, Sample, Sample Techniques, data collection, quality control, data analysis, assumptions and limitations.
A research design is a plan of how the researcher will conduct the study (Kothari 2004). In this study, a cross-sectional survey research design will be adopted where both qualitative and quantitative research approaches will be used. This design will be useful as it will be the most appropriate way to gather data from a large population at a particular time (Amin, 2005). Qualitative methods will be used to collect, present, interpret and analyze verbal data (descriptive and narrative). Whereas quantitative methods will be used to interpret and analyze numerical data and this will be done inform of tables, frequencies and percentages. The design will be chosen because it generates quick self-reports from the participants under the study, (Creswell, 2005). Also, cross sectional survey design will be chosen because the study will involve collecting data from a relatively large number of respondents in its geographical setting, cheaply and in a short time (Elliot 1999). This design is also chosen because of the nature of the study as it requires cutting across a representative sample of all respondents in the study population.
3.2 Population and Sampling Techniques
According to Mugenda (1999) population is a large group of people or objects from which a number of individuals are selected for a study. The target population for this study, will be teachers and head teachers of primary schools because head teachers are directly involved in the management of school. This study will involve 32 teachers from 4 schools in wakiso district, 4 head teachers and 4 deputies making a total of 40 respondents.
3.2.1 Sampling Procedure
Sampling is the process of obtaining information about an entire population by examining only part of it (Mingers, 2005 & Myers, 1997). The target groups will be primary school teachers, head teachers and deputies.
Simple random sampling will be used because it prevent bias and ensures that all members have an equal chance of being selected in the study. This technique will be used in selected pupils and teachers to participate in the study, while purposive sampling technique will be used in selecting Head teachers and deputies, school management committee members.
Purposive sampling technique will be used to select the above respondents because their target population is small and is known.
3.2.2 Target/Accessible Population
This study will be conducted in4 primary schools in wakiso district.
3.3 Information Sources
Both primary and secondary sources of information will be used by the researchers. A primary source of data is the one in which an individual describes an occurrence by actual observation while a secondary source of data is any publication written by an author who is not direct participant in the study described (Mugenda, 1999). Primary data will include information from questionnaires and interview while the secondary data will be from text books, educational journals, internet, news papers and magazines.
3.4 Research Instruments
Researcher will use methods that provide high accuracy, generalizability and explanatory power, with low cost, rapid speed and maximum management demands and administrative convenience (Warwick and Lininger, 1975). Basing on this fact, a combination of the following research instruments will be used in this study for complementary purposes: questionnaires and interview schedule.
3.4.1 The Questionnaire
Kakinda (1995) asserts that questionnaire is a set of related questions designed to collect information from respondents. The Questionnaires will be used to get information from the teachers. Questionnaires will be preferred because they are appropriate tools through which many respondents can be reached. The questionnaire will make it possible to obtain a wide variety of responses and to draw more reliable conclusions from the responses of teachers. Questionnaires will also facilitate easy and quick derivation of information within a short time (Borg and Gall, 1983).
3.4.2 The Interview Schedule
Verd (2004) defines interview guide as oral and vocal questioning technique or discussion. The interview schedule will be prepared and used to collect qualitative in-depth data. The interview schedules provided the researcher with greater opportunity to explain the purpose of the study (Stone and Harris 1984). This instrument will be used to obtain data from the head teachers and members of school management committee. The questions will be designed on the basis of the objectives of the study and the research questions stated in chapter one.
3.5 Quality Control
The instruments will be validated before their use in actual data collection. For the research instrument to be considered valid the content selected and included in the questionnaire must also be relevant to the variables being investigated. Validity for this study will be done through consultations with experts from the faculty of education. This will be done to assess the relevance of the content in the research tools in relation to the objectives of the study.
3.5.1 Reliability of the Research Instruments
Reliability is the extent to which the measuring instrument produces consistent scores when the same groups of individuals are repeatedly measured under the same conditions (Amin, 2004).
For consistency of research results from the study instrument, the researcher will use Cronbach’s alpha method with the help of SPSS.
3.5.2 Validity
Validity of instrument means that the instruments are serving the purpose for which they are intended (Keeves,1988;Sarantokos,1997).This is the ability to produce findings that are in agreement with theoretical or conceptual values or to produce accurate results and to measure what is supposed to be measured. The researcher will ensure that content validity of the SAQs by ensuring that questions in it conform to the study’s research objectives and conceptual framework. The research experts and with the help of the supervisor will independently judge the validity of the items in the questionnaire, interview guide in relation to research objectives. The Content Validity (CV) will be computed to determine the validity of the set of SAQs using the formula;
CVI=Total number of items rated as valid
Total number of items on the instrument
3.6 Data Analysis
This is because the research instruments will yield both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data will be edited on a continuous basis to ensure that it is complete. It will be put into categories according to the variables. Content analysis will be done. Conclusions will be made from that type of data
3.7 Research Procedure
The researcher will obtain a letter of introduction from the institution. He will then go to the schools to get permission from the head teachers and make arrangements of days and time to administer the questionnaires and to conduct interviews. The researcher will then personally deliver the questionnaires and conduct interviews in the schools.
3.8 Ethical Consideration
During the research, integrity and confidentiality will be considered. This will be done through seeking consent from the respondents and acknowledgement of the authors. The findings will be used for academic purposes only.
3.9 Limitations of the Study
The researcher may face few limitation including limited time by the respondents to participate in the study, but they will be encouraged to participate in the study and they will be told that the study is meant for academic purpose therefore their participation is extremely important.
