Research

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

This chapter presents the method that will be used in conducting the study. It describes research methodology, the area of study, the study population and sampling design, sources of data, data collection, data collection procedure and instruments, data analysis tools and limitations to the study.

3.1 Study Design

This is a case study adopting cross-sectional survey design in gathering of assessing of Teachers motivation and pupil’s involvement in physical education in primary schools in a classroom; the study will use quantitative data. This analysis is helpful in that quantitative approach will generate rich details and valid data which contribute to the depth understanding of the research problem. Quantitative approach will generate reliable information based on gathering data using numerical figures.

3.2 Study Population

This study will target a total of 70 respondents from four Schools in Arivu subcounty , Arua subcounty, these schools include, Awika p/s, Anava P/s, Eceko P/s , Bondo army p/s. This is because all these categories of respondents are believed to be knowledgeable about the research topic.

These respondents will include Teachers, Head Teachers & deputies, pupils and school management committee elders.

3.3 Sampling Technique

The study will use Purposive sampling method, which will be employed in investigating respondents among the head teachers, deputies and directors, implying that specific target respondents well known for their services and responsibilities will be selected. However, simple random sampling will be used in determining respondents among pupils, the pupils selected will be specifically primary seven pupils who will be assumed to be mature and therefore can articulate the issues in the study very well.

3.4 Sample Selection

Using Krejcie & Morgan, (1970), a sample size of 70 will be selected among all categories of respondents using purposive sampling. This will be expected to improve on the reliability of data to be collected in this study.

The study will use Krecie & Morgan table technique of sample size determination in determining the sample size of the population.

Table 3: 1: Categories, population, sample and sampling techniques that will be used in the study based on Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination model.

Source: Adopted and modified from Krejcie & Morgan 1970 (as cited in Amin, 2005)

This sample is deemed reasonable because often studies on management are based on small samples as pointed out in the previous studies (Spiro, 2002). According to Sekaran (2000) – Sample sizes of larger than 30 and less than 500 are appropriate.

3.5 Data Collection Methods and Sources

The study will employ both primary and secondary data collection approaches.

3.5.1    Secondary data Collection

Roston, (2001) defines secondary data as that kind of data that is available, already reported by some other scholars. Secondary data will be included policy documents and abstracts of the various scholars relating to the topic of discussion in question. Primary data for this study will be got from sources like libraries, archived records of assessment of teachers’ motivation on their level of performance in a classroom.

3.5.2 Primary Data collection

According to Roston, (2001), primary data is that kind of data that has been gathered for the first time, it has never been reported anywhere. Short comings of primary data sources such as out datedness and inadequacy in terms of coverage, will necessitate the use of primary sources for first hand data. Self-administered questionnaire will be used and this will enable the researcher to cover a large population quickly and at a reasonable cost.

3.6 Data Collection Instrument

3.6.1 Structured Questionnaire

The questionnaire will be used on the basis that the variables under study cannot be observed for instance the views, opinions, perceptions and feelings of the respondents. The questionnaires will  be equally used because the information will be collected from a large sample in a short period of time because most respondents can read and write (Sekaran, 2003). Personally administered questionnaires will be used to draw information regarding assessment of Teachers motivation and pupil’s involvement in physical education in primary schools. They will be administered to Head teachers, teachers and pupils of selected schools because they are convenient and efficient in the collection of quantitative data. The questionnaires will be open and closed ended with a likert scale on five anchors. The researcher will choose the questionnaire as an instrument because the study will be virtually descriptive and the tool is an easy method of data collection.

3.7 Reliability and Validity

A pilot test will be carried out to establish the reliability of the study instrument using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (Cronbach, 1946). The researcher will ran Cronbach’s reliability test to establish reliability of the questionnaire.

Validity of the instrument will be obtained using the Content Validity Index (CVI).

3.8 Data collection Procedure

The researcher after designing and pre-testing data collection tools obtained a letter from kyambogo  University introducing him to the school authorities and the sub counties. He will  then approach the schools for permission to collect data from their schools after explaining the purpose of the study.  Upon being allowed he will contact some respondents to build rapport with them and make appointment. Then he will go back on an appointed date and administer questionnaires assisted by a research assistant. Then questionnaires that will be filled that day will be collected, while those that will complete will be collected later as agreed with respondents. During the time of administering questionnaires, the researcher will also contact key informants, and make appointment with them for an interview. Then he will be back again on the agreed dates and conduct interviews, using the interview guide.

For observation method, the researcher will visit the schools with his observation check list which and he will fill basing on what is observed.

 3.9 Research Variables and their Measurements

The variable of the study will be measured on a five point Likert scale ranging from 1- strongly disagrees to 4-Strongly agree. The choice of this measurement will enable that each point on the scale carries a numerical score which will be used to measure the opinions of respondents and it the most frequently used be summated scale in the study of business and social attitude.

3.10 Data Processing and Analysis

After receiving the filled questionnaires from the field, a data entry capture template will be designed in Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), which will be used for data entry and cleaning. For exploratory factor analysis, frequency distributions, percentages and cross tabulations will be ran to summarize the respondent’s views on the questions under study.