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CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
This chapter presents the method that was used in conducting the study. It describes research methodology, the area of study, the study population and sampling design, sources of data, data collection, data collection procedure and instruments, data analysis tools and limitations to the study.
3.1 Study Design
This is a case study adopting cross-sectional survey design in gathering of information on assessment of teachers motivation on their performance, The study will use qualitative and quantitative data. The combined analysis is helpful in that qualitative approach will generate rich details and valid data which contribute to the depth understanding of the research problem. Quantitative approach will generate reliable information based on gathering data using numerical figures.
3.2 Study Population
This study will target a total of 30 respondents from four Schools in Kayonza sub-county. This is because all these categories of respondents are believed to be knowledgeable about the research topic.
3.3 Sampling Technique
Stratified sampling, Purposive sampling method will be employed in investigating respondents among the head teachers, deputies and directors, implying that specific target respondents well known for their services and responsibilities will be selected.. However, simple random sampling will be used in determining respondents among the teachers and pupils , support staff found in all schools selected.
3.4 Sample Selection
Using Krejcie & Morgan, (1970), a sample size of 70 will be selected among all categories of respondents using stratified, random sampling. This will be expected to improve on the reliability of data to be collected in this study.
Table 3: 1: Categories, population, sample and sampling techniques that will be used in the study based on Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination model.
| Category | Selected Schools in Kayonza sub-county A, B, C | Population | Sample size | Sampling technique | |||
| A | B | C | D | ||||
| Head teachers | 01 | 01 | 01 | 01 | 04 | 04 | Purposive sampling |
| Teachers | 15 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 50 | 44 | Simple random sampling |
| Pupils | 15 | 15 | 10 | 05 | 45 | 30 | Simple random sampling |
| Total | 88 | 70 | |||||
Source: Adopted and modified from Krejcie & Morgan 1970 (as cited in Amin, 2005)
This sample is deemed reasonable because often studies on management are based on small samples as pointed out in the previous studies (Nelson, 1988; Spiro, 2002). According to Sekaran (2000:296) – Sample sizes of larger than 30 and less than 500 are appropriate.
3.5 Data Collection Methods and Sources
Data collection methods are an integral part of research design which involves selection of both qualitative and quantitative data (Amin, 2005). The study will employ both primary and primary data collection approaches.
3.5.1 primary data Collection
Roston, (2001) defines primary data as that kind of data that is available, already reported by some other scholars. primary data will be included policy documents and abstracts of the various scholars relating to the topic of discussion in question. Primary data for this study will be got from sources like libraries, archived records of assessment of teachers motivation on their performance.
3.5.2 Primary Data collection
According to Roston, (2001), primary data is that kind of data that has been gathered for the first time, it has never been reported anywhere. Short comings of primary data sources such as out datedness and inadequacy in terms of coverage, will necessitate the use of primary sources for first hand data. Self-administered questionnaire will be used and this will enable the researcher to cover a large population quickly and at a reasonable cost.
3.6 Data Collection Instrument
3.6.1 Structured Questionnaire
The questionnaire will be used on the basis that the variables under study cannot be observed for instance the views, opinions, perceptions and feelings of the respondents. The questionnaires will be equally used because the information will be collected from a large sample in a short period of time because most respondents can read and write (Sekaran, 2003). Personally administered questionnaires will be used to draw information regarding assessment of teachers motivation on their performance. They will be administered to Head teachers, teachers and pupils of selected schools because they are convenient and efficient in the collection of quantitative data. The questionnaires will be open and closed ended with a likert scale on five anchors. The researcher will choose the questionnaire as an instrument because the study will be virtually descriptive and the tool is an easy method of data collection.
3.6.2 Interview Guide
Open ended questions will be used in interviewing respondents in the study.
3.6.3 Documentary Analysis Checklist
This instrument will contain a list of documents that will be reviewed to obtain the necessary primary data in revere to the study objectives, questions and hypothesis.
Observation check list will be used in assessing assessment of teachers motivation on their performance.
3.7 Reliability and Validity r
A pilot test will be carried out to establish the reliability of the study instrument using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (Cronbach, 1946). The researcher ran Cronbach’s reliability test to establish reliability of the questionnaire.
Validity of the instrument will be obtained using the Content Validity Index (CVI).
3.8 Data collection Procedure
The researcher after designing and pre-testing data collection tools obtained a letter from Kyambogo University introducing him to the district authorities and the sub counties. He will then approach the schools for permission to collect data from their schools after explaining the purpose of the study. Upon being allowed he will contact some respondents to build rapport with them and make appointment. Then he will go back on an appointed date and administer questionnaires assisted by a research assistant. Then questionnaires that will be filled that day will be collected, while those that will complete will be collected later as agreed with respondents. During the time of administering questionnaires, the researcher will also contact key informants, and make appointment with them for an interview. Then he will be back again on the agreed dates and conduct interviews, using the interview guide.
For observation method, the researcher will visit the schools with his observation check list which and he will fill basing on what is observed.
3.9 Research Variables and their Measurements
The variable of the study will be measured on a five point Likert scale ranging from 1- strongly disagrees to 4-Strongly agree. The choice of this measurement will enable that each point on the scale carries a numerical score which will be used to measure the opinions of respondents and it the most frequently used be summated scale in the study of business and social attitude.
3.10 Data Processing and Analysis
After receiving the filled questionnaires from the field, a data entry capture template will be designed in Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), which will be used for data entry and cleaning. For exploratory factor analysis, frequency distributions, percentages and cross tabulations will be ran to summarize the respondent’s views on the questions under study.
