Research consultancy
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter discusses what various scholars have written about the drawing and communication it mainly covers the concepts of drawing and the relationships between drawing and communication.
Communication means exchange of information by either using technological devices like telephones, televisions , fax or by face to face, talking or any way and it involves two people or more(Finnegan, 2006).
Communication is a system and a process that are used to communicate or broad cast information especially by means or electricity or radio waves (English oxford dictionary, 2006).
Drawing helps to express ones feelings most of the people in the ancient world used drawing to express how their feelings about a situation was so, drawing to express either as a sign of peace or war.(tan et al, 2001).
The researchers view is that, Most of the drawings in art and design of Kyambogo University by students expresses students’ feelings about their physical environment.
Drawing has been a major tourist attraction to most communities around the world most of the paintings in the ancient china has generated billions for the country in the modern times apart from the drawing in ancient Egypt has also been instrumental mean making Egypt
The researchers view is that, Drawings made by the art and design students also can be sold locally for students to gain some income and others the BVAD II students also can export it to the western market in future this will help the country in earning foreign exchange from drawings.
Drawing helps a society in expression of its cultural; beliefs and norms most of the drawings by different communities in the world is an expression no their cultural beliefs and norms , communities used to draw their kings and chiefs status in the ancient times and this has continued up to the modern days, (cox, 1992).
The researchers view is that, most of the drawings in art and design by student’s gears towards the cultural expression of students and their experiences with the world of art.
One of the principle challenges of communicative drawing is, The limited amount of artistic materials to be used in the communicative drawing, drawing needs a lot of materials to be used like fine art pencils, fine art books, among many artistic materials. In the United States an average student in drawing class spends relatively high amount of money in purchase of academic materials than his peers in the other classes. (United States Department of Education, 2010).
Most of the artistic materials are expensive for ordinary kyambogo university because most of these students are from poor families therefore buying drawing materials like fiber pens, pencils, and books is expensive for the students this therefore this hinders their drawing talent.
Social cultures, some societies do not allow certain kinds of drawing and as such art students find themselves limited on their choices of drawing. In the Nazi regime in German some drawings were prohibited and many fine artists were arrested over their drawings, since it was viewed as anti-regime.(Tan et al, 2004).
Societies with dictators normally prohibit drawing so students are not able to exploit their drawing talent, in Uganda some drawings may not be allowed since some regimes have not been loved by Ugandans for example IddAmins drawing may not go well with locals since their past memories with Amin’s regime has not been good.
Political regime in a country, most political regimes like in Uganda during Amin’s regime, and also in Iraqi most drawings were prohibited this therefore limited the artists from communicative drawing.(Barbie et al, 2004).
When the regime of a country is against some drawings the drawings of artists is limited to the favorable sides of the government this therefore prohibits the creativity and undermines the competence of a student in communicative drawing.
Financial constraints also faces drawing students around the world , most of this academic books are expensive and limited in supply , most students in African countries and other developing nations do not have access to text books this therefore limits their level of research and their ability to draw a quality communicative drawing, ( world bank report 2006).
In Kyambogo University most students do not have access to academic materials since this is viewed as expensive, even the university does not have most academic materials needed for guiding students improve their competence in making a quality communicative drawing.
Religious affiliations, some religions are against some types of drawing and as such students are limited in the choice of making a good communicative drawing, (lyon , 2001).
Some people in Uganda believe so much in their religions so this therefore influences their attitude towards some kinds of drawing.
Time constraints, communicative drawing requires a lot of time and as such students are sometimes busy, so this may affects their ability to make a good communicative drawing. In the survey by the American department of education an artist spends roughly amore considerable amount of time designing the art piece (United States department of education, 2010).
Communicative drawing requires enough time for an art student to concentrate so that a quality work is drawn most of the drawings are require enough concentration and if a student is busy with other course units he or she may not be able make a quality communicative drawing.
Constitutional rules and regulations if a country’s laws are against communicative drawing art and design students are prohibited from making certain artistic drawings this therefore limits them from freedom of drawing.
Some countries do not allow drawing which is attached to a head of state this will therefore limit communicative drawing which may be associated with a head of state.
one the most effective ways of improving student’s attitudes towards communicative drawing is by, Educating students on the benefits of communicative drawing, according to the survey by the united states department of education, if students are educated on the impact they can have on society by drawing, they willing to adopt the culture of communicative drawing.( united staes department of communicative drawing 2010).
Most students in art and design are ignorant on the benefits of communicative drawing to society so therefore if they are educated on the impact of communicative drawing to society they will be compelled to concentrate on drawing.
Increasing funding to the department of art and design by the key stake holders so that students have the necessary facilities needed to practice communicative drawing. The ministry of education and sports in Uganda has on many occasions emphasized the teaching of science subjects with little emphasis on art and designs while much in funding projects much of funding goes to the department of science or scientific projects this lives other academic disciplines with little funds to cover up their budgets. (UBOS Report, 2010).
Low funding has affected the level of investments like teachers in the department of art design like in Kyambogo university art and design is one most understaffed department at the university.
provision of the necessary facilities required for the students to practice communicative drawing such facilities may include different art pieces from other areas so that students are able to compare their own experience with the outside world.
Most of the facilities which are needed for art and design students normally may include, good quality drawing materials, lecture rooms which accommodate growing student population these are needed to enhance the competence of BVAD II student in production of communicative drawing.
Giving students different fine art practices so that they perfect their skills in drawing and are to draw the quality communicative drawings, (tan , 2001).
These practices in drawings practices help to develop the competence of BVAD II student in the production of communicative drawing.
Encouraging competition between different learning institutions so that students are able to gain interest in communicative drawing and practice it fully, (Lyon, 2003).
Competition between students of communicative drawing can help to enlighten students about the benefits communicative drawing have in society this will help these students to learn more about communicative drawing
The major weakness of communicative drawing is that, Communicative drawing normally reminds people of dark past like most of the paintings in some cities of berlin especially painting related to the Nanzi regime , in museums’ this normally reminds people of the Nanziatrocities during the second world war, (unite states department of education, 2004).
Communicative drawing tends to dwell so much in history and this changes people’s thinking of the perspective of the art mostly reminding the society of the past which they may have been forgotten and when the society is reminded of the past mistakes may be perhaps their neighbor caused them to suffer they will need to form a revenge.
Communicative drawing at times may create disunity and hated in society if people are reminded about their dark past, they may fail to love one another and create an atmosphere of hate for one another which undermine the unity in society, (Wong et al, 2002).
Once people do not love one another disunity will happen then after words the wars between a certain community and one individual and another willarise in a society.
It may also create sectarian tendencies in a country since some drawings are used for the religious purposes in the countries of the middle east of Lebanon, Israel, Palestine there are different drawings associated to communicative drawing which has caused serious sectarian tendencies in these areas, (Tan, 2004).
Communicative drawing normally informs the public about the feeling of a certain group of people which may lead to sectarian tendencies in such a country.
Communicative drawing also has created racial segregation with in certain communities; during apartheid era most white South African used communicative drawing to portray white superiority over the black majority, (Williford et al, 2002).
Communicative drawing normally tries to show a certain community that it is more superior to other because mainly because of sometimes the bias motives of the art professional.
In conclusion
In conclusion the literature tends to draw more information about what other scholars have written about communicative drawing but in other parts of the world not specifically focusing on the competence of BVAD II students on the production of communicative drawing, therefore this study intends to examine the competence of BVAD II students 2013-2014 on the production of communicative drawing
