Research proposal sample
FACTORS AFFECTING COMPLETION OF IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE AMONG CHILDREN BELOW ONE YEAR AT BWEYOGERE HEALTH CENTRE III KIRA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL WAKISO DISTRICT
Immunity: is the ability of the body to fight against certain disease causing organisms
Immune: this is where an individual has enough antibodies to fight and kill or weaken microorganism that cause diseases.
Immunization: This is vaccination against childhood diseases such as diphtheria, tuberculosis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles and whooping cough.
Immunization schedule: Is the timing in immunization covering children from birth up to 5 year of age.
This chapter presents the introduction, background, problem statement, purpose of the study, specific objective, research questions and justification for the study.
Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease typically by administration of vaccine (CDC,2010). Vaccine stimulate the body`s immune system to protect the person against subsequent infections or diseases.
Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life threatening infectious diseases and is estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million death each year (Burton A and Monasch R, 2009it’s one of the most cost effective health investment with proven strategies and that makes it accessible to even the most hard to reach and vulnerable groups. It can be delivered effectively through outreaches and vaccination does not require a lot of lifestyle changes.
The history of immunization schedule is as old as history of immunization and vaccine, it dates back in the late 1790`s particularly in 1796 when the first world vaccination was performed by Edward Jenner recognized in the nineteenth century by the British parliament, Oxford ,Cambridge and Harvard university to prevent cowpox (Baxbony.Jackon, 2010). Its known that with the changing funding issues that were central to the steady development and distribution of vaccines, immunization went beyond far reaching microbiological and immunological discoveries to regulations governing human subject research, enforcement of sterilization and safety standards that follow world war II mostly in 1954, polio field trials accompanied by ethical design and execution of vaccine had become a core concern for many stake holders. Immunization adoption continue through 1974 when WHO launched the expanded programme of immunization with the goal of dramatically increasing rates among children in developing countries that in 1983 it was adopted by Uganda and relaunched in 1987 (Ministry of Health, 2010)
In any health intervention, the number of children covered receiving the prescribed number of doses for a given vaccine no matter the age as a standard measure for such intervention was not following the necessary intervals as required (Luman ET, 2010) .This therefore means that for maximum protection against preventable diseases, each child is by standard required to receive vaccination at recommended intervals , (Glauber.etal, 2011).
However in Uganda, despite its commitment to achieving the targets set out in National Development Plan through routine Immunization against the eight vaccine preventable diseases i.e. Tetanus, Polio, measles’, Diphtheria, Hepatitis B, Whooping cough, Influenza, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia and HPV, 70% of the children under one year miss immunization services, (WHO, 2009.) 46% of children under five years actually do not complete their Immunization schedule (Bbaale, 2013).This leaves a hanging question that besides all intervention designed, the dropout rate is still high thus a case study to provide an assessment into the factors hindering completion of Immunization schedule in BH/C III Wakiso District so as to come up with corrective action.
Many studies all over the world have investigated why people do not complete the schedule to vaccinate their children. A review by Nigenda-Lópes, et al (2008), covering 40 years showed a variety of reasons all over the world which include cultural that say “vaccinations are not important”, psychological, such as “vaccines are unsafe”; social or socioeconomic, such as parents’ educational, marital or economic status; structural, such as, relation to vaccine distribution; and transmission-related, i.e. failure to transmit enough information about the diseases and vaccines available. These reasons seem to apply to different communities around the world.
According to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health, (2007), the major obstacles in achieving full immunization schedule were low access to immunization services, inadequate awareness of caregivers, and low density of health workers. And the Recent Tanzania Demographic Health Survey, (TDHS, 2010), showed that proportion of fully immunized children is 75% and this is an increase compared to 71% in 1999 (TDHS, 2004-05).
In Uganda, the situation has been worsened by the fact that as much as in 47% of the children under five years by proportion actually never complete their immunization schedule, World Health Organization. (2010). There ar many factors which remain unexplored. This enticed the researcher to investigate the factors affecting the completion of immunization schedule of children under one year in Bweyogerere Health Centre III, Wakiso district
To establish the factors affecting completion of immunization schedule for children under 1year in Bweyogerere H/C III Wakiso District in order to come up with strategies to create awareness on importance of immunization services.
- To identify the social economic factors affecting completion of immunization schedule for children under 1 year in Bweyogerere H/C III
- To assess the knowledge of mothers on related factors affecting completion of immunization schedules for their children under 1 year.
- To ascertain the culture related factors affecting completion of immunization schedule among children under 1 year in Bweyogerere H/C III
- What social economic factors affect completion of immunization schedule for their children under one year at Bweyogerere H/C III?
- What knowledge do mothers have regarding immunization schedule for their children under one year?
- What culture factors affect completion of immunization schedule for their children under one year at Bweyogerere H/C III?
1.6 Justification of the study
The findings of this study will aid ministry of health in conjunction with policy makers to design the policies that promote immunization schedule of children under one year
These findings shall also be used to provide baseline information for further researches in this area and also to develop health education materials for the subject under study.
The study will benefit the community of Bweyogerere parish through improving immunization among their children under one year as they realize its importance.
The findings of this study will help the researcher to acquire minimal qualification for the diploma in midwifery.
