Research proposal writer

INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS MOTIVATION ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF ARIVU SUB-COUNTY, ARUA DISTRICT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

This chapter discusses, the background of study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, specific objectives, research questions, scope of the study, significance of the study and definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of the study

Teacher’s motivation is a global issue in different parts of the world both in developed and developing countries. Every school whether government owned or private, profit maximization or service rendering, nonprofit organization, whether big or small cannot achieve their objectives and goals without teachers’ motivation.

Teacher motivation has become an important issue given their responsibility to impart knowledge and skills to learners. It is argued that satisfied teachers are generally more productive and can influence students‘achievement (Mertler, 2012). Motivation guide people‘s actions and behaviours toward achievement of some goals (Analoui, 2010). In work and other contexts therefore, motivation is often described as being intrinsic or extrinsic in nature (Sansone & Harackiewicz, 2014).

Motivation is both Intrinsic and extrinsic, Intrinsic motivation is an inducement derived from within the person or from the activity itself and, positively affects behavior, performance, and well being, In contrast to extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation is said to exist when behavior is performed for its own sake rather than to obtain material or social reinforcers,  (Ryan & Deci, 2009).

To enhance their economy and improve their living standards most of them engage in other business ventures during the school period. The time and energy devoted to the business affect commitment to duty as a teacher and consequently hinders the performance of the pupils (Nwuju and Uzoaru, 2010).

Schools can provide many opportunities for young people to engage in vigorous physical activity and are thus better placed amongst societal institutions to motivate young people to live active lifestyles (Jenkinson & Benson, 2010). This is not to downplay the contribution of clubs but it is in schools where children are introduced to PE and sport in a formal setting and with a curriculum to guide such exposure. PE and sport have been reported to have immense benefits for children, including improved academic performance, good health, and positive social skills among others (Almond, 1989; Drewe, 2001; Galloway, 2007; Macfadyen & Bailey, 2002). Unfortunately, the rapid advancement in technology has led many children to engage in physically sedentary activities such as surfing the internet and playing computer games, rather than more active physical activities.

Motivation guide people‘s actions and behaviors toward achievement of some goals” (Analoui, 2011). People are the primary resources for any organization. Like any other organizations, schools are staffed by people, mainly by teachers. However, all teachers do not perform equally. Some are enthusiastic and hard workers others are relaxing, and some others are to the extent of being careless and irresponsible. Teachers’ motivation is one of the major causes for such differences. “Luthans (2011) asserts that motivation is the process that arouses, energizes, directs, and sustains behavior and performance. That is, it is the process of stimulating people to action and to achieve a desired task”. One way of stimulating people is to employ effective motivation, which makes workers more satisfied with and performed their work.

Teacher motivation has become an important issue given their responsibility to impart knowledge and skills to learners. It is argued that satisfied teachers are generally more productive and can influence pupils’ achievement (Mertler, 2012). Motivation and performance are very important factors in terms of organization success and achievements. If changes occur in external environment then it is necessary for an organization to adopt that change because it may motivates to gain a competitive advantage. For this, the main thing they required is the skilled and competent employees (Latt, 2008).

Motivation is derived from the word “motivate”, means to move, push or influence to proceed for fulfilling a want (Kalimullah et al, 2010), However According to Balunywa, (2005), Motivation is the inducement of a desired behavior with in subordinates with a view of channeling their efforts and activity to achieve an organization’s goals. It is also an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need in an organization and is also known as an incentive action.

When teachers are motivated they tend to improve on their level of performance since they observe the weakness and strengths of the children and improve accordingly, the other reason for improve in performance of teachers is because of ability of teachers to satisfy their basic needs, (Kalimullah et al, 2010),

According to Siedentop (2012), only schools, primarily through Physical Education (PE), have the institutional process and the potential of socializing and educating all children towards a lifetime of active involvement in physical activity. However, for schools to provide a well-rounded education they must have active sports and PE programmes, In fact, Almond (2009) asserts that; young people’s education would be incomplete if Physical Education was neglected, this to enable the pupils be active and enable them in different while developing their skills and knowledge in different academic fields.  Therefore, it is imperative for the schools to ensure that teachers are motivated so that they are able to ensure that teachers teaching physical education are motivated and can deliver the knowledge they to pupils to the best.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The condition or quality of being literate, especially the ability to read and write is a key indicator when evaluating the quality of learner performance and the performance of teachers (UNESO, 2005).  According to the curriculum of Uganda primary schools there are mainly four examinable subjects at UNEB which includes, English, science, SST and math’s however there is little motivation for most of the teachers to teach physical education, this study therefore intends to investigate into the influence of influence of teachers motivation on physical education in primary schools of Arivu sub-county, Arua district.

1.3    Objectives of the study

1.3.1 General objective

The overall purpose of this study is to assess influence of influence of teachers’ motivation on physical education in primary schools of Arivu sub-county, Arua district.

• Specific objectives

1. To assess the different factors that enhances teachers’ motivation.
2. To identify the Different ways of improving teachers’ motivation.

• To examine the different ways of improving pupil involvement in physical education.

1.4    Research Questions

1. What are the different factors that enhance teachers’ motivation?
2. What are the Different ways of improving teachers’ motivation?

• What are the different ways of improving pupil involvement in physical education?

1.6 Scope of the Study

1.6.1 Study Scope

The study will cover the different factors that enhance teachers’ motivation, the factors that affect teachers’ level of performance and different ways of improving pupil involvement in physical education.

1.6.2 Geographical Scope

The study will be carried at Arivu subcounty , Arua district.

1.6.3 Time scope

The study will be carried out from February to august 2017.

1.7 Significance of the Study

1. The study will assist future researchers with enough information regarding the different factors that affect teachers’ performance.
2. The study will also enable the government make informed decisions regarding on the different ways of improving teachers’ performance.

• The study will also enable the future scholars have information regarding challenges on the performance of teachers.