CHAPTER ONE

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS

Source: Primary Data 2022

Source: Primary Data 2022

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

Questionnaire

Interview Guide

Documentary Review Checklist

Budget

Time Framework

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Background to the Study

1.2.1 Historical Background

1.2.2 Theoretical Background

1.2.3 Conceptual Background

1.2.4 Contextual Background

1.3 Statement of the Problem

1.4 Main objective

1.5 Specific objectives

1.6 Study hypotheses

1.7 Conceptual Framework

1.9 Significance of the Study

1.10 Justification of the Study

1.11 Scope of the Study

1.12. Definition of Key Terms and Concepts

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Theoretical Review

2.3 Conceptual Review

2.3.3 Quality of Evaluation Findings

2.3.4 Utilization of M&E findings

2.7 Summary of empirical literature

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Research Design

3.3 Study Population

3.4 Study Sample

3.5 Sampling Techniques and Procedure

3.6 Data collection Methods

3.6.1 Survey Method

3.6.2 Interview Method

3.7 Data Collection Instruments

3.7.1 Self-Administered Questionnaire

3.7.3 Documentary Review Checklist

3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Research Instruments

3.8.1 Validity

3.8.2 Reliability

3.9 Data Collection Procedure

3.10 Data Analysis

3.10.1 Analysis of quantitative Data

3.10.2 Analysis of qualitative data

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Response Rate

4.3 Demographic Information of Respondents

4.3.1 Gender of respondents

4.3.2 Educational level of respondents

4.3.3 Department of respondents

4.3.4 Findings on the duration respondents

4.3.4 Findings on the cadre ship of respondents

4.4 Empirical Findings

4.4.1 The relationship between technical capacity and the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District

4.4.2 Relationship technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings

4.4.2.3 Analysis of model summary between Technical capacity and Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings

4.4.2.4 Analysis of variables between technical capacity and utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings

4.4.2.4 Analysis of coefficients technical capacity and utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings

4.5 The relationship between financial capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District;

4.5.1 Bivariate correlation analysis financial capacity on the utilization of M & E findings

4.5.2 Analysis of model summary financial capacity on the utilization of M & E findings

4.5.3 Analysis of variables financial capacity on the utilization of M & E findings

4.5.4 Analysis of coefficients on financial capacity on the utilization of M & E findings

4.5.5 To examine the relationship between the quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District.

4.5.1 Correlation analysis of the quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings

4.5.2 Analysis of model specification quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings

4.5.3 Analysis of variables quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings

4.5.4 Analysis of utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary of the findings

5.2.1 To establish the relationship between technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District

5.1.2 To assess the relationship between financial capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District;

5.1.3 To examine the relationship between the quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District.

5.3 Conclusion of the study

5.3.1 To establish the relationship between technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District;

5.3.2 To assess the relationship between financial capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District;

5.3.3 To examine the relationship between the quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District.

5.4 Recommendations

5.5 Areas of further research

The topic of the study was; factors affecting utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings in public health facilities in Ibanda district, Uganda. The topic of study was guided by the following objectives; to establish the relationship between technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District, to assess the relationship between financial capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities and to examine the relationship between the quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities.

Pearson correlation analysis coefficient was 0.831^**indicating that there was a strong correlation between Financial capacity and Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings.

The findings of the study of the study P-value 0.000 <0.005 indicating that the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. This Findings also further indicates that there is a relationship between Financial capacity and M&E findings, in the study the results further show that a one 1 percentage change on Financial capacity leads to 0.682 change on Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This result shows that there is a positive relationship between Financial capacity and utilization.

On findings out if there are adequate financial resources to execute the key activities in Ibanda District. The findings indicate that the financial resources were not adequate as indicated by the fact that none of the response was beyond even half. On findings out if when a decision is made, funds are made available to support the decision, the results indicated that majority of the respondents where not sure at and on the same note regarding the results on if the funds are availed at an appropriate time to execute a key decision.

According to the findings in the study, the R-squared value 0.694, indicates that there is 69.4%

On findings out if There are adequate financial resources to execute the key activities in Ibanda District, the findings indicate that the financial resources were not adequate, this study therefore recommends that there is need to give enough financial resources to M&E so as to enhance utilization of M&E systems.On findings out if when a decision is made, funds are made available to support the decision, the results indicated that majority of the respondents where not sure, and a considerable number of respondents disagreed, this result indicated that there is need to provide funds to support utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation funds.The study also recommends that there is need for the Ibanda Health facilities to provide funding that can be in position to provide support for the organizational financial resources are not always sufficient.

INTRODUCTION

The study will examine the determinants of utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings within public health facilities at level III and IV in Ibanda District. For this study technical, financial, and quality factors will be the independent variables, while utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings will be the dependent variable. The chapter will focus on the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of study, specific objectives of the study, research questions, research hypotheses, conceptual framework, and scope of the study, significance, justification and operational definitions of key terms in the study.

Evaluation is as old as the world itself and has moved side by side the journey of human civilization (Basheka, 2016). The practices of the field of evaluation can be traced as far back as the biblical times during the known creation story extensively addressed in Genesis (1:31) where the biblical account informs us that on the fifth day of creation God saw everything he had created and everything appeared good. From the philosophical works of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle to the mathematical methodologies of Pythagoras and Euclid, the ideas of the ancient Greeks shaped many institutions and contributions to many fields including evaluation (Zanakis, Theofanides, Kontaratos and Tassios, 2003). Existing scholarly accounts inform us that the Delphic oracle of the ninth to the third centuries BC was the first central intelligence database of the ancient world, an interdisciplinary think tank of approximately 90 priests, deemed the best educated experts of antiquity (Theofanides et al., 2003). They collected and evaluated information and advised ordinary people and leaders, among them Alexander the Great. Major project management in the fourth century BC existed where evaluation and monitoring were key. Griffin (2005) notes that: “The practice of management can be traced back thousands of years. These great pyramids, which were built in 2900B.C., are a classic example of management and co-ordination. Griffin (2005) notes that: The practice of management can be traced back thousands of years. The Egyptians used the management functions of planning, organizing and controlling when they constructed the pyramids. These great pyramids, which were built in 2900B.C, are a classic example of management and co-ordination.

In the contemporary world, the international status of M&E research remains theoretically and methodologically influenced by the American tradition. The United States (US) is regarded as the motherland of the field in terms of its trends, number of authors and their academic and professional influence, degree of professionalization, focus of academic programs, legislation and institutionalization of evaluation, development of models and approaches for evaluation, evaluation capacity building initiatives, evaluation standards and guiding principles, number and attendees of evaluation conferences and workshops, publications and their impact factor, guides and evaluation handbooks (Basheka, 2016: 4). The American Evaluation Association (AEA) for example remains the most dominant evaluation society in the world with membership that has grown from just over 3000 members in 2001 to approximately 7000 by mid-2015 (Basheka & Byamugisha, 2015:76). Other countries however, equally have noticeable developments regarding evaluation. In Europe, professionalization of evaluation has progressed to different levels across countries with Sweden, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Denmark, Norway, France and Finland currently topping the list. Recent rankings further point to impressive developments of the field in Switzerland, Japan, Spain, Italy, Israel and Africa. In 2011, the International Organization for Cooperation in Evaluation (IOCE) identified 117 evaluation associations, 96 of which were national organizations located in 78 different countries. By 2013, the number had increased to 145 (IOCE 2013:2; BaTall 2009:7).

In Africa, the oldest evaluation association was established in 1997 in Ghana, while the African Evaluation association was itself established in 1999 with the heyday period of intense professional associations reported between 2000 and 2004 (Basheka & Byamugisha, 2015). Domestic and global forces played a role in this growth. Globally, Mertens and Russon (2000:275) proclaim that the emergence of many new regional and national organizations illustrated the growing worldwide recognition of the importance of evaluation. Before 1995 there existed only five regional and/or national evaluation organizations in the world but by 2000 there were more than 30 – a 500% increase in a 5-year period. Much of this growth was occurring in developing countries, particularly in Africa (p. 275). Malefetsane, Lungepi and Tembile (2014:5) observe that in Africa, evaluation has been on the increase; a trend predicted to continue especially with political recognition of the utility of evaluation to good governance. De Kool and Van Buuren (2004:173) conceded that the rise to New Public Management (NPM) which was constructed around key philosophies that emphasized outputs and outcomes, transparency and accountability, created a demand for M&E in Africa.

In Uganda, over the past two decades, considerable efforts have been made to establish a strong and robust basis for assessing both private and public spending. In achieving this, M&E was considered as a means of Government and NGOs measuring their development interventions. M&E was therefore enshrined in the National Development Plan and institutionalized in the governance systems and processes (National Development Plan,2010/11-2014/15).The Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) was given the constitutional mandate to oversee reforms and service delivery in all Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies and established an M&E function to support this role (National M&E Policy, 2013).

A National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy of Government programmes was developed with the aim of enhancing M&E capacity as well as ensuring that sound evidence based data and information are available to inform decision making (NIMES, 2006). Significant effort went into introducing planning, results based budgets, monitoring systems and developing the institutional capacity to design ministry strategy and plans to implement M&E arrangements to monitor results and provide a basis for performance improvement as provided for in the National Development Plan (Annual Performance Assessment Report,2013/2014).

The study was based on the General Systems Theory which was developed by Bertalanffy (1934), as cited in Tama (1987). The theory provides an analytical framework which can be used to explain the factors affecting the utilization of evaluation data. According to Bertalanffy (1968), a system is an assemblage of things connected or interrelated so as to form a complex unity: a whole composed of parts and sub-parts in orderly arrangement according to some scheme or plan. The following are the features of a system. A system is basically a combination of parts, sub-parts, sub-systems. Each part may have various sub-parts. A system has mutually dependent parts, each of which may include many sub-systems. Parts and sub-parts of a system are mutually related to each other, some more, some less; some directly, some indirectly. The relationship is in the context of the whole. Any change in one part may affect other parts also. A system is an interdependent framework in which various parts are arranged (Tamas, 1987).

A system transforms inputs into outputs. This transformation is essential for the survival of the system. There are three aspects involved in this transformation process: inputs, mediator, and outputs. Inputs are taken from the environment, transformed into outputs and given back to the environment. The various inputs may be in the form of information, money, materials, human resources, etc. Outputs may be in the form of goods and services. The total relationship may be called the input–output process, and a system works as a mediator in the process (Bertalanffy 1968). In this study, it is assumed that inputs like technical, financial and the quality of M&E systems are the inputs and utilization of M&E data is the output.

Technical capacity refers to the extent to which the human resources in an organization are able to manage evaluations (Byamugisha, 2016). For this study, technical capacity will be measured in terms of whether staff are qualified, experienced and knowledgeable about using M&E systems.

Financial Capacity refers to the extent to which funds are available to finance and facilitate the monitoring and evaluation function in an organization (USAID, 2015). In this study therefore financial capacity will be measured in terms of whether there are adequate financial resources, whether the funds are released in a timely manner and whether the funds are accounted for. Quality of M&E systems refers to the extent to which the M&E systems and activities meet the specified requirements and standards (Mulandi, 2013:12). For this study, the qualities of M&E systems will be measured as the extent to which the M&E systems meet the methodological and quality standards.

Utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation Information refers to putting monitoring and evaluation results to use. The use of monitoring and evaluation findings for decision making and project control ensure that there is a baseline against which to undertake new measurements (Mulandi, 2013). For this study utilization of M&E data will be measured in terms of the extent to which the data is used to inform decisions, improve organizational processes and learning.

There has been poor utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation findings that have been characterized by poor performance of Health Facilities in Uganda and as a result The Health sector in Uganda is faced with numerous challenges despite the High Budget Health Funding as of 2018/2019 fiscal year, out of the total government funding of US$ 144.61 per capita, funding to the health sector, inclusive of external financing, was an estimated US$ 10.40 per capita, which was estimated at UGX 2,310 Billion (Duchoslav, & Cecchi, 2019), Uganda is still facing huge challenges with high deaths in preventable deaths like malaria as of 2013 Uganda had the sixth highest number of annual deaths from malaria in Africa, as well as some of the highest reported malaria transmission rates in the world, with approximately 16 million cases reported in 2013 and over 10,500 deaths annually , while by 2019 there was 40% surge in malaria cases , apart from malaria the leading causes of death in Uganda include communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, respiratory tract infections, and diarrheal disease Anywar et al., (2020).

According to Annual Performance Assessment Report, 2013/2014) there have been significant efforts towards the utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation findings that have been noticed characterized by the introduction of planning, results based budgets, monitoring systems and developing the institutional capacity to design and implement M&E arrangements, this has been inorder to mitigate the challenges in Uganda’s Health sector like shortage of Drugs in most of the Health Facilities in Uganda.

National efforts have been directed towards providing a basis for performance improvement as provided for in the National Development Plan (National Development Plan, 2010/11-2014/15) that the utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation findings have been valued to improve the performance of the health sector Such efforts have also been characterized by the establishment of an M&E function to support this role enshrined in the M & E national policy (National M&E Policy, 2013). Unfortunately, much as national efforts have been directed towards enhancing M&E capacity as well as ensuring that sound evidence-based data and information are available to inform decision making (The Republic of Uganda, National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy, 2006), the use of M&E results remain questionable, according to a 2009 published report, there is one doctor for every 7,272 Ugandans. The related statistic is 1:36,810 for nurse/midwifery professionals. The shortages are worse in rural areas where 80 percent of the population resides, as 70 percent of all doctors are practicing in urban areas. There are 61 institutions that train health workers, with five medical colleges, twenty-seven allied health training schools, and twenty-nine nursing schools, which indicates that Uganda’s Health sector is at risk of total collapse (Ogwal et al., 2020). This study will therefore attempt to examine the factors affecting utilization of M&E findings in Uganda’s health sector using a case study of Ibanda District.

Findings from the M&E function ought to be used to inform decision making, planning and organizational learning (Basheka, 2016). However, at the public health facilities at level III and above in Ibanda, health information is not adequately used (Ibanda District, 2017). In order to increase use of health information, the Ministry of Health has devoted significant human, technical and financial resources to the Monitoring and Evaluation function. Despite the significant investment in M&E, there is widespread concern that the utilization of evaluation findings in public health facilities in the district is low. According to the Annual Health Sector report (AHSPR) 2018/2019, Ibanda District ranked 18^th in the whole country out of 128 districts, and in the AHSPR 2019/2020, it ranked 76^th. The AHSPR tracks performance of public health facilities in terms of coverage of health services, quality of health services, Human Resource for health services, as well as reporting for health services.

The current study thus sought to determine the factors affecting utilization of M&E findings within the public health facilities in Ibanda District. Without this information, utilization of evaluation findings may deteriorate further and affect the performance of the public health facilities.

The study sought to establish the factors affecting the utilization of M&E findings in the level III and IV public health facilities in Ibanda District.

To establish the relationship between technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District;
To assess the relationship between financial capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District;

To examine the relationship between the quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District.

H₁. There is no relationship between technical capacity and the utilization of M&E findings in public health facilities

H_2: There is no relationship between financial capacity and utilization of M& E findings in public Health facilities.

H₃: The is no significant effect of the Quality of M&E findings on the utilization of M&E findings in public Health facilities.

Independent Variables (Factors) Dependent Variable (Utilization of M&E Findings)

Technical Capacity

· Adequate personnel

· Experienced personnel

· Qualified Personnel

· Knowledgeable elected officials

Financial Capacity

Availability of funds
Timely funds
Adequate funds
Accountability

Quality of M&E findings

· Timeliness

· Relevant

· Well written

· Methodologically correct

Utilization of M&E findings

· Number of Decisions made

· Learning

· Project/program improvement

Source: Adopted from Kasule (2016) and modified by the researcher

The conceptual framework above shows the factors affecting the utilization of M&E findings. The model assumes that utilization of M&E findings is enhanced by improved technical, financial and quality of M&E systems within organizations.

The study will provide information to the future scholars on the relationship between technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District and this will enable them in drawing conclusions with the present situation and other times.

The study will provide to the government of Uganda and other policy makers information regarding the relationship between financial capacity and the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District, this will help the government in making key critical decisions that can help M & E findings be implemented in government health facilities.

The government will be able to determine the quality of monitoring and evaluation so to understand how to improve it for the better of implementing government programs and better utilize the M& E results.

It is critical that the factors that affect the utilization of M&E findings are thoroughly examined and understood by the public sector implementing Monitoring and Evaluation system. Without clear understanding of these factors, the public health sector may continue underutilizing evaluation findings. This may affect the performance of the sector and subsequent underperformance of the public health sector.

Recent health sector studies, as well as policies, strategies and plans, acknowledge that Human Resource for Health constraints are hampering health sector planning, service delivery and ultimately health outcomes in many African countries and world at large. Human Resource for Health inequities showed that America has 14 % world population compare to sub-Saharan Africa with 11 % of world population but Sub-Saharan Africa carries 25 % of the global disease burden and Americans taking 10 % of global disease burden. Further, America has the global health workers of 42 % compared with Sub-Saharan Africa with only global health workers of only 3%. Equally, the Americans allocate 50 % their annual expenditure to health as compared to Sub-Saharan Africa with less than 1 % annual budgetary allocation to health (WHO, 2016), all these challenges therefore indicates that there is need for a strong commitment to examine the factors affecting utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings in public health facilities.

The world faces a global shortage of well-trained health workers, which is considered as one of the biggest barriers to quality health-care services for millions of people throughout the world (World Health Organization, 2018). It is estimated that there currently is a shortfall of approximately 7.2 million doctors, nurses and midwives and that this shortfall is likely to rise to at least 12.9 million in the coming decades (Sidibe and Campbell, 2017). Although the health workforce crisis affects virtually all countries worldwide – including the high-income countries – sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia are most affected, as these regions have the lowest health worker densities when compared globally and are also strongly affected by poor attraction and retention as well as high attrition of health professionals (Kabbash et al., 2021), this therefore warrants this study in establishing the relationship between technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities as such recommendations is critical in improving the general quality of Health institutions.

1.11.1 Content Scope

The study examined the factors affecting the utilization of M&E findings. The study specifically focused on the effects of technical, technological and quality factors on the utilization of M &E findings in Ibanda District.

1.11.2 Geographical scope

The study was conducted in Ibanda District which lies in South Western Uganda. It was conducted at public Health centers IIIs and Health Centre IVs within the district.

1.11.3 Time scope

The study looked at quarterly HIV data/reports for the financial year 2015/2016 and how it was used to inform the clinic processes or facilitated good quality data, monitoring and evaluation, or planning at the level III health centres and the general hospital. In addition, the field study was conducted between September and October 2017.

Technological capacity refers to the capacity of the human resources/people to use M&E findings.

Technological capacity refers to the ability of the organizations to utilize technology to manage M&E activities

Quality of M&E Findings refers to the extent to which the evaluation findings meet the specified requirements and standards

Utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings. This will refer to the application of Monitoring and Evaluation findings in decision-making, quality improvement and learning.

This chapter presents a review of literature on the topic under investigation. The chapter presents a review of the relevant theories. It also presents empirical literature on the factors affecting the utilization of M&E findings.

The theory which will underpin this study is General Systems Theory (GST). The General Systems Theory, which was developed by Bertalanffy (1934) as cited in Tama (1987), provides an analytical framework which can be used explain the effect of planning on performance. According to Bertalanffy (1968), a system is an assemblage of things connected or interrelated so as to form a complex unity: a whole composed of parts and sub-parts in orderly arrangement according to some scheme or plan. The following are the features of a system. A system is basically a combination of parts, sub-parts, sub-systems. Each part may have various sub-parts. A system has mutually dependent parts, each of which may include many sub-systems. Parts and sub-parts of a system are mutually related to each other, some more, some less; some directly, some indirectly. The relationship is in the context of the whole. Any change in one part may affect other parts also. A system is an interdependent framework in which various parts are arranged (Tamas, 1987).

A system transforms inputs into outputs. This transformation is essential for the survival of the system. There are three aspects involved in this transformation process: inputs, mediator, and outputs. Inputs are taken from the environment, transformed into outputs and given back to the environment. The various inputs may be in the form of information, money, materials, human resources, etc. Outputs may be in the form of goods and services. The total relationship may be called the input-output process and system works as a mediator in the process (Bertalanffy, 1968). The systems theory has been used in a number of fields like community development, In this study, factors like technical, technological and the quality of M&E systems will be the inputs and utilization of M&E data by the public health units will be the output.

This section presents the literature review as reviewed by various scholars in line with the study objectives and conceptual frame work.

2.3.1 Technical capacity

Adequate personnel

Building an adequate supply of human resource capacity is critical for the sustainability of the M&E system and generally is an ongoing issue. Furthermore, it needs to be recognized that “growing” evaluators requires far more technically oriented M&E training and development than can usually be obtained with one or two workshops. Both formal training and on-the-job experience are important in developing evaluators with various options for training and development opportunities which include: the public sector, the private sector, universities, professional associations, job assignment, and mentoring programs (Acevedo et al., 2010:12).

Human capital, with proper training and experience is vital for the production of M&E results. There is need to have an effective M&E human resource capacity in terms of quantity and quality, hence M&E human resource management is required in order to maintain and retain a stable M&E staff (World Bank, 2011). This is because competent employees are also a major constraint in selecting M&E systems (Koffi-Tessio, 2002). M&E being a new professional field, it faces challenges in effective delivery of results. There is therefore a great demand for skilled professionals, capacity building of M&E systems, and harmonization of training courses as well as technical advice (Gorgens and Kusek, 2009).

The UNDP (2009) handbook on planning, monitoring and evaluation for development results, emphasizes that human resource is vital for an effective monitoring and evaluation, by stating that staff working should possess the required technical expertise in the area in order to ensure high-quality monitoring and evaluation. Implementing of an effective M&E demands for the staff to undergo training as well as possess skills in research and project management, hence capacity building is critical (Nabris, 2002). In-turn numerous training manuals, handbooks and toolkits have been developed for NGO staffs working in project, in order to provide them with practical tools that will enhance result-based management by strengthening awareness in M&E (Hunter, 2009). They also give many practical examples and exercises, which are useful since they provide the staff with ways of becoming efficient, effective and have impact on the projects (Shapiro, 2011).

Qualified Personnel: The M&E system cannot function without skilled people who effectively execute the M&E tasks for which they are responsible. Therefore, understanding the skills needed and the capacity of people involved in the M&E system (undertaking human capacity assessments) and addressing capacity gaps (through structured capacity development programs) is at the heart of the M&E system (Gorgens & Kusek, 2010:43). In its framework for a functional M&E system, UNAIDS (2008) notes that, not only is it necessary to have dedicated and adequate numbers of M&E staff, it is essential for this staff to have the right skills for the work. Moreover, M&E human capacity building requires a wide range of activities, including formal training, in-service training, mentorship, coaching and internships. Lastly, M&E capacity building should focus not only on the technical aspects of M&E, but also address skills in leadership, financial management, facilitation, supervision, advocacy and communication.

Experienced personnel: Monitoring and evaluation carried out by untrained and inexperienced people is bound to be time consuming, costly and the results generated could be impractical and irrelevant. Therefore, this will definitely impact the success of projects (Nabris, 2002:17). In assessment of CSOs in the Pacific, UNDP (2011:12) discusses some of the challenges of organizational development as having nadequate monitoring and evaluation systems. Additionally, the lack of capabilities and opportunities to train staff in technical skills in this area is clearly a factor to be considered. During the consultation processes, there was consensus among CSOs that their lack of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms and skills was a major systemic gap across the region. Furthermore, while there is no need for CSOs to possess extraordinarily complex monitoring and evaluation systems, there is certainly a need for them to possess a rudimentary knowledge of, and ability to utilize reporting, monitoring, and evaluating systems.

A study by White (2013:43) on monitoring and evaluation best practices in development INGOs, indicates that INGOs encounter a number of challenges when implementing or managing M&E activities one being insufficient M&E capacity where M&E staff usually advise more than one project at a time, and have a regional or sectoral assignment with a vast portfolio. Furthermore, taking on the M&E work of too many individual projects overextends limited M&E capacity and leads to rapid burnout of M&E staff whereby high burnout and turnover rates make recruitment of skilled M&E staff difficult, and limits the organizational expertise available to support M&E development. Mibey (2011:19) study on factors affecting implementation of monitoring and evaluation programs in kazi kwa kijana project, recommends that capacity building should be added as a major component of the project across the country (Kenya), and this calls for enhanced investment in training and human resource development in the crucial technical area of monitoring and evaluation.

2.3.2 Financial capacity

Availability of funds

There is empirical evidence to suggest that lack of adequate financial capacity constrains M& E systems. In Ghana, a study by CLEAR (2012) found that after several years of implementing the national M&E system, significant progress had been made. However, challenges include severe financial constraints; institutional, operational and technical capacity constraints; fragmented and uncoordinated information, particularly at the sector level. To address these challenges, the CLEAR report argues that the current institutional arrangements will have to be reinforced with adequate capacity to support and sustain effective monitoring and evaluation, and existing M&E mechanisms must be strengthened, harmonized and effectively coordinated.

Timely funds

The study by Koffi-Tessio (2002), on Efficacy and Efficiency of Monitoring-Evaluation Systems (MES) for Projects Financed by the Bank Group that was done in Burkina Faso, Mauritana, Kenya, Rwanda and Mozambique, through desk review and interviews, for projects approved between 1987 and 2000. Monitoring-Evaluation systems are not meeting their obligatory requirements because of financial constraints.

Accountability

A study conducted by Gamba (2016) to determine the factors affecting the utilization of evaluation findings in malaria control projects in Uganda found that management support was low and financial resources allocated for M&E was insufficient. This greatly affected effective outcome and impact monitoring and evaluation of projects.

Timeliness

Quality of M&E Findings refers to the extent to which the M&E systems and activities meet the specified requirements and standards (Mulandi, 2013:12). For this study, the qualities of M&E findings meet the standards and requirements.

The quality of evaluations is important to the credibility of reported results hence, it is important to incorporate data from a variety of sources to validate findings. Furthermore, while primary data are collected directly by the M&E system for M&E purpose, secondary data are those collected by other organizations for purposes different from M&E (Gebremedhin, Getachew & Amha, 2010:24). In the design of an M&E system, the objective is to collect indicator data from various sources, including the target population for monitoring project progress (Barton, 1997). The methods of data collection for M&E system include discussion/conversation with concerned individuals, community/group interviews, field visits, review of records, key informant interviews, participant observation, focus group interviews, direct observation, questionnaire, one-time surveys, panel surveys, census, and field experiments. Moreover, developing key indicators to monitor outcomes enables managers to assess the degree to which intended or promised outcomes are being achieved (Kusek & Rist, 2004).

Frequent data collection means more data points; more data points enable managers to track trends and understand intervention dynamics hence the more often measurements are taken, the less guess work there will be regarding what happened between specific measurement intervals. But, the more time that passes between measurements, the greater the chances that events and changes in the system might happen that may be missed (Gebremedhin et al., 2010). Mulandi (2013:75) concurs that to be useful, information needs to be collected at optimal moments and with a certain frequency. Moreover, unless negotiated indicators are genuinely understood by all involved and everyone’s timetable is consulted, optimal moments for collection and analysis will be difficult to identify.

Methodologically correct

According to Cornielje, Velema and Finkenflugel (2008:15), only when the monitoring system is owned by the users the system is it likely to generate valid and reliable information. However, all too often the very same users may be overwhelmed by the amount of daily work which in their view is seen as more important than collecting data and subsequently the system may become corrupted. They conclude that it is of extreme importance that the front-line workers are both involved in monitoring and evaluation and informed about the status of the services and activities they largely provide in interaction with other stakeholder and beneficiaries.

Evidence suggests that the quality of evaluations has an effect on the utilization of evaluation findings. According to an IFAD (2008:26) annual report on results and impact, recurrent criticisms against M&E systems include: limited scope, complexity, low data quality, inadequate resources, weak institutional capacity, lack of baseline surveys and lack of use. Moreover, the most frequent criticism of M&E systems in IFAD projects relates to the type of information included in the system. Most of the IFAD projects collect and process information on the project activities. However, the average IFAD project did not provide information on results achieved at the purpose or impact level. The M&E system of the Tafilalet and Dades Rural Development project in Morocco for example only focused on financial operations and could not be used for impact assessment. In the Pakistan IFAD Country Program Evaluation, cases were reported of contradictory logical frameworks combined with arbitrary and irrelevant indicators while in Belize, two different logical frameworks were generated which increased confusion and complexity. The Ethiopia IFAD Country Program Evaluation found that project appraisal documents made limited provision for systematic baseline and subsequent beneficiaries surveys. For example in one project in Ethiopia, the baseline survey was carried out 2-3 years after projects start-up.

Relevant

In a study report of an Australian NGO conducted by Spooner and Dermott (2008:45), staff reported that, as WAYS evolved over time, they were unsure about what works in the current system of monitoring and evaluation. Additionally, resources had not been dedicated to data analysis; and the data was rarely analyzed. A further problem found with data analysis was that the responsibility of doing the analysis lied with program managers, who had little time to analyze data that was not required by funding bodies. Some of the staff stated that they are required to collect information and analyze it, but that their analysis is hampered because they have minimal research skills. Finally, some staff reported that there was no feedback loop built into the current system so, while staff report on their activities to the management, they do not know what happens to the information once it is reported.

A problem in African countries, and perhaps in some other regions, is that while sector ministries collect a range of performance information, the quality of data is often poor. This is partly because the burden of data collection falls on over-worked officials at the facility level, who are asked with providing the data for other officials in district offices and the capital, but who rarely receive any feedback on how the data are actually being used, if at all. This leads to another problem: data are poor partly because they are not being used; and they are not used partly because their quality is poor therefore, in such countries there is too much data, not enough information (Mackay, 2006:7).

Well written

Obure (2008:5) in a study of RBM in Northern Ghana indicates a problem associated with post collection data management. As confessed by many field officers, the storage, processing and interpretation of data was ineffectively handled. Results from the study strongly point to a weakness in the system arising from the inability of stakeholders to handle and process data in a meaningful way. He concludes that this challenge could seriously lead to mere collection of large volumes of data which eventually might not be used in a helpful way. Data must be collected and analyzed regularly on the objectives and intermediate results. Furthermore, the PME&R system allows for three levels of information by project, activity and organization where the data for all organizations involved in a specific activity can be averaged up to the activity level, and the data for all activities can be averaged up to the project level (Booth, Ebrahim & Morin, and 2008:31).

A study by Gamba (2016:65) to establish the factors affecting the utilization of M&E results in malaria control projects in Uganda found that evaluation quality and communication of the M & E results had a significant positive effect on utilization and timeliness of the M & E activities had a significantly moderate positive effect on the utilization of M & E findings in the implementation of the MCP activities across the organizations.

Utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation findings refers to putting monitoring and evaluation results to use. The use of monitoring and evaluation findings for decision making and project control ensure that there is a baseline against which to undertake new measurements (Mulandi, 2013)

Number of Decisions made

According to Gebremedhin, Getachew and Amha, (2010) establishes that the source of performance data is important to the credibility of reported results and thus their utilization in future programmes implementation. The author thus notes that it is important to incorporate data from a variety of sources if the results are to be validated. The processes of planning, monitoring and evaluation make up the Result-Based Management (RBM) approach, which is intended to aid decision-making towards explicit goals. Planning helps to focus on results that matter, while M&E facilitates learning from past successes and challenges and those encountered during implementation. Elements of an M&E system which if developed together with all key stakeholders will encourage participation and increased ownership of a project/plan – are: (a) Result Frameworks or logframes (“RF”), which are tools to organize intended results, i.e. measurable development changes. RFs inform the development of the M&E plan and both must be consistent with each other, the M&E plan, which contains a description of the functions required to gather the relevant data on the set indicators and the required methods and tools to do so. The M&E plan is used to systematically organize the collection of specific data to be assessed, indicating roles and responsibilities of project/plan stakeholders. It ensures that relevant progress and performance information is collected processed and analyzed on a regular basis to allow for real-time, evidence-based decision-making; the various processes and methods for monitoring (such as regular input and output data gathering and review, participatory monitoring, process monitoring) and for evaluation (including impact evaluation and thematic, surveys, economic analysis of efficiency and the Management Information System, which is an organized repository of data to assist managing key numeric information related to the project/plan and the analysis.

Furthermore, while primary data are collected directly by the M&E system for M&E purposes, secondary data are those collected by other organizations for purposes different from M&E. However, a study by Booth, Ebrahim and Morin, (2008) reports that the Monitoring and Evaluation system allows for three levels of information by project, activity and organization, where the data for all organizations involved in a specific activity. These can be averaged up to the activity level, and the data for all activities can be averaged up to the project level, easing utilization.

Learning

M&E systems will only add value to project implementation through interpretation and analysis, by drawing on information from other sources and adapting it for use by project decision makers and a range of key partners. Knowledge generated by the M&E efforts should never stop at basic capturing of information or relying exclusively on quantitative indicators, but also to address the “why” questions. Here the importance of more qualitative and participatory approaches become particularly important, to analyze relationship between project activities and results. Evaluation therefore serves the purpose to establish attribution and causality, and forms a basis for accountability and learning by staff, management and clients. The challenge early on during project implementation is to design effective learning systems that can underpin management behavior towards results, and come up with strategies to optimize impact.

In this context, learning is defined as formulating responses to identified constraints and implementing them in real time. Useful at project/plan level are knowledge-sharing and learning instruments which can pick up information and analysis from the M&E systems as studies, such as; summarized studies and publications on lessons learned, case studies documenting successes and failures, publicity material including newsletters, radio and television programmes, formation of national and regional learning networks, periodic meetings and workshops to share knowledge and lessons learned, research-extension liaison or feedback meetings, national and regional study tours, preparation and distribution of technical literature on improved practices; and routine supervision missions, mid-term reviews or evaluations and project completion (end-of-project) reports.

A study by Guijt, (1999) also finds that useful information needs to be collected at optimal moments and with a certain frequency, if it is to be of quality. Moreover, unless negotiated indicators are genuinely understood by all involved, and everyone’s timetable is consulted, optimal moments for collection and analysis will be difficult to identify. On the other hand, Cornielje, Velema and Finkenflugel (2008) report that it is only when the monitoring system is owned by the users that it can generate quality data that is valid and reliable for utilization in future projects. The author however notes that all too often, the very same users may be overwhelmed by the amount of daily work, which, in their view, is seen as more important than collecting data; and that subsequently, the system may become corrupted and thus not usable in subsequent implementations.

A study by Barton, (2007), connotes that in designing of an M&E system, the objective is to collect indicator data from various sources, including the target population, for monitoring project progress. The methods of data collection for M&E system include discussion/conversation, with concerned individuals, community/group interviews, field visits, and review of records, key informant interviews, participant observation, focus group interviews, direct observation, questionnaire, one-time surveys, panel surveys, census, and field experiments. Kusek and Rist (2004) however, reports that developing key indicators to monitor outcomes enables managers to assess the degree to which intended or promised outcomes are being achieved. Frequent data collection means more data points, which as a result, enables managers to utilize them to track trends and understand intervention dynamics, reducing items of guess work regarding what happened between specific measurement intervals. In supplement, Gebremedhin et al., (2010) reports that the more time that passes between measurements, the greater the chances that events and changes in the system might happen that may be missed, which can have consequences if utilized in subsequent studies. These studies however have contradicting results, which gap this study hopes to clarify, in context of the malaria programs.

Project/program improvement

Bourckaert, Verhoest and De Corte (2009) observe that indicators for measuring programme performance are difficult to identify unless the M&E results are produced on time. It is therefore important to clearly define an appropriate system of indicators to measure and monitor programme performance with time. In support, a study by Cunnen, (2006) finds that a system of over two thousand societal indicators to measure Results for Canadians across all sectors need to be timely.

Kusek, et al, (2004) overwhelmingly support the assertion that indicators measured are just as important as the timing of M&E. This means that it is imperative to get the measurement correct, but also be done in such a way that when the said information is needed, it is readily available for its utilization. Kusek and colleagues note that the practice of using inappropriate baselines defeats the whole concept of “data quality triangle”, which encompasses elements of data reliability, data validity and data timeliness, for its usability.

2.8 Gaps Identified in the Literature

The review of literature indicates that organizational capacity factors, top management support and the quality of evaluation findings affect the utilization of M&E findings. Studies by CLEAR, 2012:31), the Kenyan NGO Coordination Board (2009:17), White (2013:10) Mibey (2011:25) and Nyagah (2015:47) indicate that organizational capacity has a significant effect on the utilization of M& E findings. This means that utilization of M&E findings improves with financial, technical and technological capacity of an organization. These studies however have a contextual gap in that they were conducted in organizations in other countries which may have more organizational capacity to utilize M&E findings. It remains to be seen whether organizational capacity will have the same effect on utilization of M&E findings within the health facilities in Ibanda District.

Studies by Turabi et al and Kasule (2016) Kasule indicate that top management support effects the utilization of M&E findings. This means that utilization of M&E findings improves with top management support in an organization. However it remains to be empirically seen whether top management support has any significant effect on utilization of M&E findings because earlier literature is largely anecdotal. The literature also indicates that the quality of M&E findings affects utilization of M&E findings (Mackay, 2006:7; Obure, 2008:5; Gamba (2016:65 and Booth et al., 2008:31). However it remains to be empirically seen whether top management support has any significant effect on utilization of M&E findings because earlier literature is largely anecdotal. Generally, whereas literature points out the effect of the above mentioned factors on the utilization of M&E findings; most studies are based on anecdotal observations and less on empirical findings. There is therefore need to conduct a study which will empirically document the factors affecting the utilization of M&E findings.

This chapter presents the methodology that was adopted during the study. It describes and discusses; the research design, sample size and selection, the data collection methods used and their corresponding data collection instruments, data management and analysis procedure as well as steps that will be taken to ensure validity and reliability during the study and measurement of variables.

The study adopted a cross sectional design. Explanatory research helps a researcher to analyze patterns, formulating hypotheses that can guide future endeavors. According to Amin, (2005) If a researcher is seeking a more complete understanding of a relationship between variables, explanatory research is a great place to start. Since the study seeks to examine the relationship between variables, a simple bivariate correlation design will be adopted to determine the relationship between organizational capacity, top management, quality of evaluations and utilization of evaluation findings.

The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The quantitative approach was adopted because the study intends to examine the factors affecting the utilization of M&E findings. Such an endeavor can best be achieved when a quantitative approach is used because it allows for collecting numeric data on observable individual behavior of samples, then subjecting these data to statistical analysis (Amin, 2005:5).

A qualitative approach was also be adopted to enable the researcher capture data that was left out by the quantitative approach. This will be aimed at capturing more in-depth information on the topic under investigation.

Sekaran (2018) defines a population as the entire group of people, events or things that a researcher wishes to investigate. According to the Annual Health Sector Performance report (AHSPR) FY19/20, only 49% of the approved posts at public health facilities have been filled with qualified personnel. 49% accounts for approximately 90 health workers. This is the total population that was used in the study, this specific population has been arrived at due to their experience and knowledge on the subject matter on utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings in public health facilities in Ibanda district.

Population of respondents

Category	No. of Health centers	Population
Health Center IV	2	30
Health Center IIIs	6	52
Health Facility In charges	8	8
Total		90

Source: Ibanda, (2019)

Mugenda and Mugenda (2003), argue that it is impossible to study the whole targeted population \and therefore the researcher shall take a sample of the population. A sample is a subset of the population that comprises members selected from the population. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) table for sample size determination approach, a sample size of 73 employees was selected from the total population of 90 employees of Ibanda District.

Table 1: Sample Size Determination

Popln

Category	No. of Health centers	Population	Sample Size	Sampling Technique
Health Center IV	2	30	24	Simple random sampling
Health Center IIIs	6	52	42	Simple random sampling
Health Facility In charges	8	8	7	Purposive sampling
Total		90	73

Source: Chief Administrative Office, Ibanda District (2017)

A number of sampling techniques was used to select respondents to the study namely; simple random and purposive sampling techniques. The lower level Staff was selected using simple random sampling technique. Simple random sampling was used because it ensures generalizability of findings and minimizes bias (Sekaran, 2003). Purposive sampling technique was used to select the health facility Incharges. These key informants were purposively sampled because they are believed to have technical and specialized knowledge about the topic under investigation by virtue of the offices that they hold.

The section presents data collection methods which include survey method, interview and documentary review. The following data collections methods have been chosen because of their numerous advantages.

The study used the questionnaire method to collect data. The questionnaire was used because it allows for the collection of data from a big group of respondents in a short period as suggested by Mugenda and Mugenda (1999: 107). The questionnaire was also be used because it allows busy respondents fill it at their convenient time. It also allows respondents express their views and opinions without fear of being victimized (Oso & Onen, 2008:18).

The study employed interview method. Interviews in this study helped the researcher obtain more information on the topic under investigation. Interviews were used because they fetch a variety of ideas needed for the study and gives a deeper understanding of the topic. This method was also be used because it was offer the researcher an opportunity to adapt questions, clarify the questions by using the appropriate language, clear doubts and establish rapport and probe for more information (Sekaran, 2003:253).

3.6.3 Document Review Method

The researcher reviewed documents in order to obtain recorded information that is related to the issue under investigation. This method was used because it enables the researcher access data at his convenient time, obtain data that are thoughtful in that the informants have given attention in obtaining them and enables the researcher obtain data in the language of the respondent (Oso & Onen, 2008: 45).

The instruments used in this study was questionnaire, interview guide and document review checklist.

The study employed a questionnaire as a tool of data collection. The questionnaire for staff had have 5 sections (see appendix I). Section A dealt with the demographic characteristics of the respondents, section B will focus on technical capacity, Section C focused on financial capacity, Section D was concerned with the quality of evaluation activities and section E was concerned with the utilization of M&E findings. The questionnaires was closed ended. Closed ended questions were developed to help respondents make quick decisions; in addition, closed ended questions helped the researcher to code the information easily for subsequent analysis and narrow down the error gap while analyzing data as observed by Sekaran (2003:231).

3.7.2 Interview Guide

An unstructured interview was used as a tool for collecting in depth information from the key informants. The guide had a list of topical issues and questions which will be explored in the course of conducting the interviews. The guide was drawn with the questions soliciting for the perception of the key informants regarding the factors affecting the utilization of M&E findings within the public health facilities. The interview guide was used because it obtains in-depth data which may not be possible to obtain when using self-administered questionnaires (Mugenda & Mugenda, 1999:17; Kakoza, 1999:27).

A document review checklist was used to collect more in-depth data on the topic under investigation. This also enabled the researcher to supplement the data that is acquired from the interviews and questionnaires. The researcher analyzed the documents and publications related to the study topic. Documents that are expected to be reviewed include Ministry of Health reports, Journals, and Newspapers.

Validity is defined as the extent to which results can be accurately interpreted and generalized to other populations (Oso & Onen, 2008). While Borg & Gall, 1989 as cited in Onyinkwa, (2013) validity is defined as the degree to which results obtained by the research instrument correctly represented to the phenomenon understudy and Mugenda & Mugenda, (1999) as the accuracy and meaningfulness of inferences which are based on the research results.

Amin, (2005) recommended minimum CVI of 0.7 to be used. Validity was tested using content validity index which involves judges scoring the relevancy of the questions in the instruments in relation to the study variables.

The formula for Content Validity Index is;

CVI =

Where CVI = content validity

n= number of items indicated relevant.

N = total no. of items in the instrument

In this study, validity was achieved by establishing content validity. The researcher achieved content validity by using the experts to assess the validity of the research instrument. The experts especially research supervisors and consultants from UTAMU will be given data collection tools to assess whether the items in the instruments are valid in relation to research topic, objectives, and questions. From the instruments they declared some items valid and others invalid. Those declared invalid were dropped, others adjusted, while the valid ones will be maintained. Then content validity index (CVI) was computed by dividing the number of items declared valid by total number of items/questions in the data collection instrument.

According to Mugenda and Mugenda, (2003) reliability is the measure of the extent to which research instruments are able to provide the same results upon being tested repeatedly.

Crobach’s coefficient alpha (a) as recommended by Amin, (2005, P.302) will be used to test the reliability of the research instrument. The instrument is deemed reliable if reliable of 0.7 and above is obtained and therefore, it will be adopted for use in the data collection.

Formula for reliability is

= ( )

Where = alpha reliability co efficiency.

K=Number of items included4 in the questionnaire

= sum of variance of individual items

= variance of all items in the instrument.

To ensure credibility and trust worthiness of qualitative data the researcher will ensure that only the officials who are employees of Ibanda District local government will be interviewed.

The coefficient ranges between a=0.00 for no reliability, a =1.00 for perfect reliability. The closer alpha gets to 1.0 the better. If the study findings result to Cronbanch’s Alpha of 0.7 and above, this will signify that research instrument is good enough for the study. According to Amin (2005), all the measurements in the instrument that show adequate levels of internal consistency of cronbach’s alpha of 0.77 and above are accepted as reliable.

The researcher obtained a letter of introduction from UTAMU which was presented to the authorities at in the public health units in Ibanda District and after that she will obtain a list of all the staff in the organization.

The researcher randomly selected respondents to participate in the study, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the above-mentioned respondents.

The researcher also purposively selected senior and middle level managers who will be interviewed.

Descriptive statistics namely frequency counts, percentages was used to analyze the respondents’ demographic characteristics and the mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the respondents’ opinions on the factors affecting the utilization of M&E findings within the public health units in Ibanda District.

Data was analyzed and correlated using Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficient to establish the relationship between technical capacity, technological capacity, quality of M&E systems and the utilization of M&E data as suggested by Sekaran (2003), Amin (2005) and Oso and Onen (2008). Regression analysis was used in determining the strength of the relationship between the variables, this was possible by determining the value of R-squared value the higher the R-squared value the stronger the relationship. For this study, the three dimensions of technical capacity, financial capacity and quality of M&E was regressed utilization of M&E findings within the health facilities. This was aimed at determining the effect of each of these factors on the utilization of M&E findings.

The statistical package which was used for analysis of data in this study is the SPSS version 16.0. Different statistical techniques was used namely: correlation and regression analysis. The upper level of statistical significance for hypothesis testing will be at 5%. All statistical test results was computed at 2-tailed level of significance.

Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Responses from key informants will be grouped into recurrent issues. The recurrent issues which emerged in relation to each guiding questions were presented in the results, with selected direct quotations from participants offered as illustrations.

3.11 Measurement of variables

Data on the respondent’s views and opinions about the factors affecting the utilization of M&E data will be obtained using scaled variables from a self-developed questionnaire.

A five point Likert ordinal scales ranging from; strongly agree which shall be assigned 5, strongly Agree, 4 agree, Not Sure assigned 3, Disagree allocated 2 and strongly disagree allotted 1 to obtain responses on the variables. The Likert ordinal scale has been used by numerous scholars who have conducted similar studies such as Bowling, (1997).

The structured questions will be measured using the following variables;

Technical Skills Capacity; Adequate personnel, experienced personnel, Qualified Personnel.

Financial Capacity; Availability of funds, Timely funds, adequate funds, Accountability.

Quality of M&E findings; Timeliness, Relevant, Well written, methodologically correct

Utilization of M&E findings; Number of Decisions made, Learning, Project/program improvement.

The study was set to examine the factors affecting utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings in public health facilities in Ibanda district, Uganda. This chapter presents, analyses and interprets findings according to the study objectives. It contains the response rate, demographic information of respondents, findings according to objectives of the study and research hypotheses. Results on objectives and hypotheses are presented using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Seventy-eight (78) questionnaires were distributed to respondents and seven (7) interviewees (Health Facility In charges) were targeted. Out of the 78 questionnaires, seventy-three (73) were returned fully completed, giving a response rate of 93%. While there was 100% response rate in the interviews. The details are shown in the table 4.1.

Table 2: Response Rate

Instrument	Target Response	Actual Response	Response Rate
Questionnaires	78	73	93
Interview Guide	7	7	100
Total

The findings from the table above indicate that the percentage of the returned questionnaires was 93%. This finding therefore according to Amin, (2005) indicate that the response rate was good and therefore the study could be conducted since the response rate was above 70%, while the response rate for interview respondents was 100%.

The researcher sought out to collect demographic information about the respondents. This information was about gender, age, department of employee, education level and duration one worked.

The researcher requested the respondents to indicate their gender, and this was intended to find out whether the sample size was a fair representation of the population. The response was presented in Table 4.3

Table 3: Gender of respondents

Gender of Respondents	Frequency	Percentage
Male	25	34.2
Female	48	65.8
Total	73	100.0

Table 4.4 above indicates that the majority of respondents in the study were females constituting 48(65.8%), males on the other hand, were constituted 25 (34.2%) of the respondents. The implication of this finding was that no matter the disparity in percentage of males and females who attended the study, at least views of both males and females were captured which was too vital in making a critical analysis in the factors affecting utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings in public health facilities in Ibanda district. This made the study findings representative and therefore, enabled generalizations.

This section presents the findings on the educational level of respondents, this was done in order to understand the educational level of respondents to determine if the factors affecting utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings in public health facilities in Ibanda district, Uganda.

Table 4: Table showing Educational level of respondents

Educational level of respondents		Frequency		Percentage
Postgraduate	2		2.7
Bachelor’s degree	13		17.8
Diploma	3		4.1
Certificate	55		75.3
Total	73		100.0

Source Primary Data

According to the findings in the study majority 55 (75.3%) of the respondents had a certificate, 13(17.8%) of the respondents had a Bachelor’s degree while 4.1% had a diploma, and 2.7% had postgraduate degree qualification, this finding further indicates that all the respondents were well educated and therefore they could answer the question with good understanding of the subject topic.

The Figure below represents the department for which the respondents belong to;

Figure 1: Department of the respondents

Source: Primary Data

The figure above indicates that majority 60% of the respondents were in clinical Department, 18% were in other departments while the remaining 15% were in records management Department. This study findings indicates that majority of the respondents were in the department that is directly affected by utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings in public health facilities. This study therefore targeted relevant authorities who had enough knowledge regarding the topic understudy.

The figure below indicates the Duration respondents have worked at Ibanda Hospital.

Figure 2: The figure showing the Duration respondents have worked

Source: Primary Data

According to the figure above 56 (76.7%) of the respondents indicated that they have worked at Ibanda health centers for 3-4 years, this finding shows that majority of respondents had worked at the different Health facilities for some time and therefore they were able to answer the questionnaires from an informed perspective and therefore the information from the field can be relied upon. The figure further indicates that only 8 (11% ) of the respondents have worked for less than one year, 5 (6.8%) of the respondents have worked for 2-3 years and 4 (5.5%) have worked for 1-2 years.

In line to the findings from the field the researcher presented the findings of study in line to the cadres hip of respondents as presented in the Table below.

Table 5; Showing cadreship of respondents

Cadre ship	Frequency	Percentage
medical officer	5	6.8
Records	6	8.2
Nurse/midwife	43	58.9
clinical officer	5	6.8
Other	14	19.2
Total	73	100.0

Source: Primary Data

According to the results of the study as presented Above Nurses and midwife made the largest percentage of cadres at 43(58.9%) of the respondents, the figure further shows that 19.2% of the respondents were in other qualifications, while there was 6.8% medical officers and the remaining 6.8% were clinical officers.

This section analyses and presents information based on objectives of the study. Empirical findings as per objectives of the study were presented in tables 4.7, 4.8, 4.9. Respondents were presented with items and requested to either agree or disagree basing on a five Likert scale of; Strongly Agree (SA), Agree(A), Neutral (N), Disagree(D), Strongly Disagree (SD).

SA+A= Agree, SD+D= Disagree, N=Undecided/neutral. The study grouped SA and A to mean agreed, SD and D to mean disagree, and N to mean respondents who were undecided. Percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to interpret empirical results. The mean above 3 implied that majority agreed, and that below 3 means disagreed while 3 imply undecided/neutral. Also Pearson correlation was used in establishing the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables, and regressions (model summary) were run to establish the variance (contribution) of the IV on the DV.

The first objective of the study was to assess the relationship between technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District. The findings of this objective were gathered from questionnaires administered to the respondents. The variables were measured using 10 items scored on a five-point Likert scale of 1=strongly disagree, 2= Disagree, 3=Uncertain, 4=Agree, 5= strongly agree.

Technical Capacity	Disagree	Not sure	Agree	strongly Agree	Mean	Std. Deviation
Ibanda district employs competent staff	2 (2.4%)	1(1.2%)	13(15.9%)	66 (80.5)	4.74	.602
The staff have required technical capacity to execute their tasks	3 (3.7%)	20 (24.4%)	59 (72%)		4.64	.562
Staff are placed in departments for which they qualify	2 (2.4%)	21 (25.6%)	59 (72%)		4.70	.519
The staff employed have the skills that match their job	3 (3.7%)	18 (22%)	61 (74.4)		4.70	.545
Employees are taken through professional development courses periodically	4 (4.9%)	13 (15.9%)	27 (32.9%)	38 (46.3%)	4.23	.842
Employees are given enough orientation to ensure that they are well equipped for their roles	4 (4.9%)	8 (9.8%)	27 (32.9%)	43 (52.4%)	4.37	.791
The staff have enough experience to execute the tasks at hand	4 (4.9%)	36 (43.9%)	42 (51.2%)		4.47	.579
The staff in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to collect M&E data	3 (3.7%)	5 (6.1%)	32 (39%)	42 (51.2%)	4.34	.786
The staff in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to analyze M&E data	4 (4.9%)	7 (8.5%)	31 (37.8%)	40 (48.8%)	4.26	.850
The staff in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to prepare M&E reports using the M&E findings	4 (4.9%)	10 (12.2%)	28 (34.1%)	40 (48.8%)	4.25	.863
The number of staff at the public level III and IV health facilities for the different tasks is adequate	4 (4.9%)	10 (12.2%)	28 (34.1%)	40 (48.8%)	3.89	1.113
The staff in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to interpret M&E reports using the M&E findings	6 (7.3%)	13 (15.9%)	27 (32.9%)	36 (43.9%)	4.08	.954

Source: Primary Data

According to the findings of the study the results indicates that majority 66 (80.5) of the respondents stated that Ibanda district employs competent staff while only 2 (2.4%) of the respondents disagreed, this was further indicated by High mean value of 4.74, showing that respondents agreed.

The study results from the interviews also indicates that majority of the respondents asserted that Ibanda district employees technically competent and qualified employees, this was stated b one of the respondents who stated that;

“All of us working here we are qualified and have attended university, this is because to get a job here one has to do interviews which is held by public service and only the qualified can pass that type of interviews”.

While on the same note another lady during the interviews also further stated that;

In Ibanda district local government, there is no favouritism while giving jobs so all the employees here have the technical capacity that is inline with the jobs that they hold.

The study findings further show that majority 59 (72%) of the respondents strongly agreed with the statement that the staff have required technical capacity to execute their tasks, this view further shows that the staffs at Ibanda health facility have the required technical capacity, this is also further showed by the high mean value of 4.64.

In view of this the findings from the interviews was also in agreement with this result from the interviews as one of the respondents indicates that;

“we are always taken to workshops and training to enable us adjust our knowledge due to the everchanging job requirements”.

In agreement with this result one of the female respondents in the medical department stated that;

In this organization we are placed according to our qualification as you can see for me, I am a medical doctor and I work in the medical department and my colleagues here are paced according to their profession.

In regards to this result one of the respondents during the interview asserted that;

“We always had periodic professional training inform of workshops, short courses and career development courses, like for me I have a degree in medicine and surgery but have done many certificates like with ministry of Health training workshops in malaria, Non-communicable diseases in Africa and HIV/AIDS increase among adolescents in Africa and south east Asia”.

In finding out if Employees are given enough orientation to ensure that they are well equipped for their roles, the mean value was 4.37, indicating that indeed employees at Ibanda Health centers are given enough orientation, this was also to the percentage results which is at 43 (52.4%), of the respondents strongly agreeing.

In analysis of the interview response if employees are given enough orientation more than 7 of the respondents acknowledged that Ibanda district offers orientation to employees as stated that;

“We are given orientation they specifically take us to some major hotels to teach us about the new role”.

The study also found out that the staff in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to collect M&E data, as indicated by the fact that majority 42 (51.2%) strongly agreed and the mean value was also high at 4.34.

In analysis of over 6 interview information it was discovered that the Ibanda health facilities do not frequently train its staff on collecting M&E data, as reported by one of the respondents who asserted that; “we are not regularly trained on collecting M &E data”.

Inline to the study results the table indicates that Majority 40 (48.8%) of the respondents strongly agreed that the staff in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to analyze M&E data and only 4 (4.9%) of the respondents strongly disagreed, this is further summed up by the high mean value of 4.26.

Results from the interviews indicates that respondents indicated that staffs from public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District, donot have the technical capability to analyze the M&E data as reported by one of the respondents who asserted that;

“The majority of the staffs of these health facilities donot have the necessary knowledge regarding the analysis of M&E data”.

On findings out if the staff in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to prepare M&E reports using the M&E findings majority 40 (48.8%) strongly agreed and only 4 (4.9%) strongly disagreed.

The figures from the table indicates that majority 40 (48.8%) of the respondents strongly agreed, the number of staffs at the public level III and IV health facilities for the different tasks is adequate and 36 (43.9%) of the respondents strongly agreed that the staff in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to interpret M&E reports using the M&E findings.

The study run a Pearson correlation analysis to determine the relationship between Technical capacity and utilization of M & E findings.

Table 6: Relationship technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings

		Technical capacity	Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings
Technical capacity	Pearson Correlation	1	.759^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)		.000
	N	73	73
Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings	Pearson Correlation	.759^**	1
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000
	N	73	73
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Source: Primary Data

The table above indicates that the coefficient of Pearson correlation analysis was 0.759^{** ,} using the measurement of Pearson correlation of 0-1, where 1, shows the highest correlation. The Pearson 0.759^**indicates that there is a strong correlation between Technical capacity and Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This result indicates that the technical capacity of the organization is imperative in Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings.

This view was also shared by one of the respondents who stated that;

“Ibanda district local government has ensured that there is technical capacity enhancement of the key staffs by involving them on workshops training sessions”.

Table 7; Model summary Technical capacity and utilization of M&E

Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
1	.759^a	.576	.570	4.731
a. Predictors: (Constant), Technical capacity

The Table above indicates that the R-squared Value 0.576 shows that the Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings is influenced 57.6% by Technical capacity. Mathematically this is a good and therefore it is fair to conclude that Technical capacity affects Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings.

H₁. There is no relationship between technical capacity and the utilization of M&E findings in public health facilities

In establishing the relationship between Technical capacity and utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings, Analysis of Variables was established, this was carried out in determining the significance of the statement.

Table 8; Analysis of variables between technical capacity and utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings

Model		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	2158.454	1	2158.454	96.416	.000^b
	Residual	1589.463	71	22.387
	Total	3747.918	72
a. Dependent Variable: Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings
b. Predictors: (Constant), Technical capacity

Source: Primary Data 2022

Basing on the findings from the Table above the results have indicated that the P-value=0.000 indicating that there is a significant relationship between Technical capacity and utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings, this s specifically significant because P-value 0.000<0.005.

Basing on the P-value of 0.000, therefore reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative.

The first hypothesis is therefore rejected. And conclusion is made that there is a significant relationship between Technical capacity and utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings.

Coefficients^a
Model		Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
		B	Std. Error	Beta
1	(Constant)	5.911	4.402		1.343	.184
	Technical capacity	.814	.083	.759	9.819	.000
a. Dependent Variable: Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings

Source: Primary Data

The first objective of the study was to the relationship between financial capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District. The findings of this objective were gathered from questionnaires administered to the respondents. The variables were measured using 10 items scored on a five-point Likert scale of 1=strongly disagree, 2= Disagree, 3=Uncertain, 4=Agree, 5= strongly agree.

Financial Capacity

Financial Capacity	Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Not Sure	Agree	Strongly Agree	Mean	Std. Deviation
There are adequate financial resources to execute the key activities	2 (2.4%)	15 (18.3%)	20 (24.4%)	31 (37.8%)	14 (17.1%)	3.48	1.082
When a decision is made, funds are made available to support the decision	2 (2.4%)	11 (13.4%)	33 (40.2%)	20 (24.4%)	16 (19.5%)	3.59	1.065
The funds are availed at an appropriate time to execute a key decision	1 (1.2%)	23 (28%)	14 (17.1%)	32 (39%)	12 (14.6%)	3.38	1.113
The financial resources are always sufficient	3 (3.7%)	23 (28%)	16 (19.5%)	28 (34.1%)	12 (14.6%)	3.30	1.163
There is proper management of financial resources at public level III and IV health facilities	1 (1.2%)	5 (6.1%)	12 (14.6%)	42 (51.2%)	22 (26.8%)	3.95	.911
Implementation of key activities is performed timely due to availability of funds	3 (3.7%)	11 (13.4%)	7 (8.5%)	40 (48.8%)	21 (25.6%)	3.75	1.128
Accountability for funds used in the implementation of key M&E activities is made timely		6 (7.3%)	10 (12.2%)	39 (47.6%)	27 (32.9%)	4.03	.881
The people managing the funds of the key activities are accountable		6 (7.3%)	16 (19.5%)	46 (56.1%)	14 (17.1%)	4.18	.788
The funds are strictly used for their intended specific purposes		6 (7.3%)	25 (30.5%)	32 (39%)	19 (23.2%)	3.84	.800
There are specific funds allocated to M&E in the quarterly/annual budgets	1 (1.2%)	9 (11%)	24 (29.3%)	29 (35.4%)	19 (23.2%)	3.78	.886

Source: Primary Data

On findings out if There are adequate financial resources to execute the key activities in Ibanda District. The findings indicate that the financial resources were not adequate as indicated by the fact that none of the response was beyond 50%., this was indicated by the fact that the mean value was low at 3.48.

In the analysis of the response from one of the district officials, he indicated that;

“the government does not allocate enough funds for monitoring and evaluation findings execution as a result most of the recommendations from monitoring and evaluation findings are executed despite the recommendations”.

On findings out if when a decision is made, funds are made available to support the decision, the results indicated that majority of the respondents where not sure at 33 (40.2%) and only 16 (19.5%) and on the same note regarding the results on if the funds are availed at an appropriate time to execute a key decision only 32 (39%) of the respondents agreed with a low mean vale of 3.3 indicating he number of respondents who agreed were very low.

During the interview most of the respondents stated that;

“the district receives funds on every financial year that in line with the development agenda however the funds are not enough for the execution of the necessary activities to be achieved”

Despite the high majority of the respondents agreeing that, their response from the interviews was slightly different as the respondents asserts that;

“though in some areas there is proper management of the funds however other areas of the district ace challenges specifically some Heath Centre threes in rural areas were funds are mismanaged by some few errant officers”.

The findings from the table indicates that only 40 (48.8%) of the respondents agreed with the statement that Implementation of key activities is performed timely due to availability of funds, this indicates that most of the respondents did not agree. The table further shows that only 27 (32.9%) of the respondents strongly agreed that Accountability for funds used in the implementation of key M&E activities is made timely.

In one of the interviews with the respondents the respondents asserted that;

“many activities which are supposed to be implemented in a given financial year take many years due to limited funds given to the district by the central government, our resource envelope as the district is small and therefore we cannot implement the necessary projects timely”.

Findings from the study shows that majority 46 (56.1%) of respondents Agreed that the people managing the funds of the key activities are accountable while on the same majority 25 (30.5%) of the respondents were not sure that the funds are strictly used for their intended specific purposes.

During the interview on findings out if the managing of funds is done in accountable way. The respondents that;

“the district officials here at Ibanda are very honest people who are accountable to authority and we rarely experience in this district theft of funds”.

On findings out if There are specific funds allocated to M&E in the quarterly/annual budgets, while only 29 (35.4%) of the respondents were agreed and 24 (29.3%) of the respondents were not sure. This indicates that there are no specific funds are allocated to M&E in the quarterly/annual budgets.

In order to answer the second objective; To assess the relationship between financial capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District, A bivariate correlation analysis was performed between the two variables and the results are presented in the Table below

Table 9; Bivariate correlation analysis financial capacity on the utilization of M & E findings

		Financial Capacity	Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings
Financial Capacity	Pearson Correlation	1	.831^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)		.000
	N	73	73
Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings	Pearson Correlation	.831^**	1
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000
	N	73	73
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Source: Primary Data

The results in the table shows that the Pearson correlation analysis coefficient was 0.831^**indicating that there was a strong correlation between Financial capacity and Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This is strong because the more the Pearson correlation tends towards one the stronger the relationship between the variables.

Table 10: Model summary Financial capacity on the utilization of M&E

Model Summary
Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
1	.831^a	.691	.686	4.040
a. Predictors: (Constant), Financial Capacity

Source: Primary Data

In determining the strength of the relationship between Financial capacity and utilization of M & E findings, the R-squared Value 0.691 indicates that 69% of the factors affecting utilization of M & E findings are affected by Financial capacity of the organization. This value is a good fit therefore financial capacity to a large extend affects utilization of M&E findings.

In testing the second hypothesis;

H_I; There is no relationship between financial capacity and utilization of M& E findings in public Health facilities.

The ANOVA test was done and the results from the p-value was used to test the hypothesis by determining the level of significance of the statement.

Table 11: Analysis of variables financial capacity on the utilization of M & E findings

ANOVA^a
Model		Sum of Squares	Df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	2589.043	1	2589.043	158.621	.000^b
	Residual	1158.875	71	16.322
	Total	3747.918	72
a. Dependent Variable: Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings
b. Predictors: (Constant), Financial Capacity

Source: primary data

The results are presented below;

Table 12: Analysis of coefficients on financial capacity on the utilization of M & E findings

Coefficients^a
Model		Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
		B	Std. Error	Beta
1	(Constant)	20.847	2.269		9.188	.000
	Financial Capacity	.682	.054	.831	12.594	.000
a. Dependent Variable: Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings

Source: Primary Data

The findings further indicate that the 1 percentage change on Financial capacity leads to 0.682 change on Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This result shows that there is a positive relationship between Financial capacity and utilization of M & E findings.

	Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Not sure	Agree	strongly Agree	Mean	Std. Deviation
The funds to facilitate staff involved in collecting M&E data are made available on time	2 (2.4%)	14(17.1%)	21 (25.6%)	28 (34.1%)	17 (20.7%)	3.49	1.082
The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are shared on a timely basis		5 (6.1%)	13 (15.9%)	34 (41.5%)	30 (36.6 %)	4.04	.889
The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are relevant		2 (2.4%)	12 (14.6%)	36 (43.9%)	32 (39%)	4.14	.787
The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are well written		3 (3.7%)	7 (8.5%)	36 (43.9%)	35 (42.7%)	4.21	.786
The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are complete in terms of data sources		4 (4.9%)	12 (14.6%)	29 (35.4%)	37 (45.1%)	4.14	.887
The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are consistent	1 (1.2%)	3 (3.7%)	14 (17.1%)	28 (34.1%)	36 (43.9%)	4.08	.939
The M&E reports in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are compiled by experienced M&E personnel		3 (3.7%)	5 (6.1%)	34 (41.5%)	40 (48.8%)	4.36	.734
The public level III and IV health facilities have adequate ICT hardware and software for collecting and managing M&E findings		3 (3.7%)	5 (6.1%)	34 (41.5%)	40 (48.8%)	3.89	1.264
The process of obtaining M&E findings is participatory	6 (7.3%)	13 (15.9%)	5 (6.1%)	27 (32.9%)	31 (37.8%)	4.12	.971
The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are accurate	1 (1.2%)	7 (8.5%)	6 (7.3%)	31 (37.8%)	37 (45.1%)	4.11	.906
The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are valid		6 (7.3%)	8 (9.8%)	32 (39%)	36 (43.9%)	4.26	.708
The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities are collected routinely		Disagree	Not sure	Agree	strongly Agree	4.33	.668
		3 (3.7%)	17(20.7%)	34(41.5%)	28(34.1%)	4.33	.668
The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities are accessible		1 (1.2%)	5 (6.1%)	37 (45.1%)	39 (47.6%)	4.29	.716

Source: primary data

According to the findings in the table the results indicates that very few respondents 28 (34.1%) agreed that and also a large number of respondents Disagreed and were not sure, this therefore indicates that the funds to facilitate staff involved in collecting M&E data are not made available on time.

While finding out if the funds for Monitoring and Evaluation are ready made available majority of the respondents stated that;

“the funds are never available at that time however at the beginning of every financial year the funds are allocated, however sometimes a specific project takes years to be executed”.

The findings in the study indicates that majority of the respondents agreed that the M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are shared on a timely basis, this is represented by a mean value of 4.04.

While interviewing respondents on whether, M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are shared on a timely basis. Majority of the respondents stated that;

“it is difficult to state tat the M&E findings are shared timely because some projects talk shorter time other delay and some times it depends on the funds available”.

The findings of the study indicate that majority of the respondents strongly agreed as indicated by a high mean value of 4.14, there by stating that the M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are relevant.

In analysis of the findings of the study, it was revealed that M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are relevant as indicated by one of the respondents who indicated that;

“The findings are usually relevant since they touch our daily lives and the challenges that the community faces.”

The findings in the table results shows that majority 4.21 of the respondents agreed that the M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are well written. This therefore shows that indeed M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are well written.

According to the results of the study majority of the respondents indicated that the M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are complete in terms of data sources, this is indicated by the high mean value of 4.14.

During the interviews, majority of the respondents intimated that, “the district has enough data sources however the challenges we are facing is implementing them”.

The findings in the study further shows that majority of the respondents asserted that the M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are consistent, this is indicated by the high mean value of 4.08.

The results from the study shows that majority of the respondents held the view that the M&E reports in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are compiled by experienced M&E personnel, as indicated by a high mean value of 4.36.

In the findings of the interviews it was indicated that;

“the district has experienced and knowledgeable personnel who are capable of carrying out monitoring and evaluation of the key activities and projects”

Table results assert that most of the respondents asked held the view that the public level III and IV health facilities have adequate ICT hardware and software for collecting and managing M&E findings as indicated by a high mean value of 3.86.

Results from the study further shows that most of the respondents held the view that the process of obtaining M&E findings is participatory as indicated by a high mean value of 4.12, while further on findings out if the M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are accurate most of the respondents Agreed.

The findings from the study further shows that most of the respondents believe that The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda district are valid and on the same note majority of the respondents also believed that The M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities are collected routinely.

The findings of the study indicate that majority 34(41.5%) of the respondents indicated that the M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities are collected routinely. On the same note 28(34.1%) of the respondents strongly agreed, this view is also further supported by the mean value of 4.33 this further indicates that most of the respondents agreed.

On findings out if the M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities are accessible, the mean value of 4.29 was a high mean indicating that majority of the respondents strongly agreed indicating that indeed in Ibanda public level III and IV health facilities are accessible.

In the effort to answer the third research objective; To examine the relationship between the quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District. The Pearson correlation analysis was performed.

Table 13: Correlation analysis of the quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings

		Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings	Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings
Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings	Pearson Correlation	1	.833^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)		.000
	N	72	72
Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings	Pearson Correlation	.833^**	1
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000
	N	72	73
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Source: primary data

According to the findings in the table above the Pearson Correlation analysis was 0.833^**, indicating that there is a strong positive relationship between Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings and Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. The strong positive correlation is because the Pearson is stronger the more it tends to 1.

The study carried out Model specification analysis with the idea of quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings.

Table 14; Analysis of model specification quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings

Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
1	.833^a	.694	.690	4.041
a. Predictors: (Constant), Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings

Source: Primary Data

According to the findings in the study, the R-squared value 0.694, indicates that there is 69.4% of the changes in utilization of M&E findings is affected by quality of M&E systems.

In order to test the third hypothesis an ANOVE test was carried out between quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities

Table 15: Analysis of variables quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings

ANOVA^a
Model		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	2597.087	1	2597.087	159.064	.000^b
	Residual	1142.913	70	16.327
	Total	3740.000	71
a. Dependent Variable: Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings
b. Predictors: (Constant), Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings

Source: Primary Data

In an analysis of the variables the results indicated that P-value 0.000<0.005 indicating that there is a significant relationship between quality of monitoring and Evaluation and utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This results therefore rejects the null hypothesis and accepts the alternative hypothesis.

In order to answer the third objective and hypothesis the coefficient of variables was further determined and the results examined to explain the relationship be and influence between the variables.

Table 16: Analysis of utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings

Coefficients^a
Model		Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	T	Sig.
		B	Std. Error	Beta
1	(Constant)	11.085	3.031		3.658	.000
	Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings	.706	.056	.833	12.612	.000
a. Dependent Variable: Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings

Source: Primary Data

According to the findings in the study a one-unit change in Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings leads to a 0.706 change in Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This results therefore indicates that there is a positive and 70.5% influence of quality of monitoring on utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings.

This chapter comprises of summary of the study findings, discussion of findings, conclusions and recommendations.

The section presents the summary of findings according to the study objective.

In the establishing of the relationship between Technical capacity and utilization of M&E findings in public the study ran a Pearson correlation analysis to determine the relationship between Technical capacity and utilization of M & E findings., this revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between the two variables this results also correlates with the findings of Acevedo et al., (2010) who acknowledges that Building an adequate supply of human resource capacity is critical for the sustainability of the M&E system and generally is an ongoing issue, the author further indicates that Both formal training and on-the-job experience are important in developing evaluators with various options for training and development opportunities which include: the public sector, the private sector, universities, professional associations, job assignment, and mentoring programs

On further establishing the relationship between the two variables regression analysis was established and the R-squared value was 0.759^**, using the measurement of Pearson correlation of 0-1, where 1, shows the highest correlation. The Pearson 0.759^**indicates that there is a strong correlation between Technical capacity and Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This result indicates that the technical capacity of the organization is imperative in Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings, this view was also shared by Gorgens and Kusek, (2009) who indicates that Human capital, with proper training and experience is vital for the production of M&E results. There is need to have an effective M&E human resource capacity in terms of quantity and quality, hence M&E human resource management is required in order to maintain and retain a stable M&E staff (World Bank, 2011). This is further because This is because competent employees are also a major constraint in selecting M&E systems, M&E being a new professional field, it faces challenges in effective delivery of results. There is therefore a great demand for skilled professionals, capacity building of M&E systems, and harmonization of training courses as well as technical advice.

The Table results indicates that the R-squared Value 0.576 shows that the Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings is influenced 57.6% by Technical capacity. Mathematically this is a good and therefore it is fair to conclude that Technical capacity affects Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. In establishing the relationship between Technical capacity and utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings, Analysis of Variables was established, this was carried out in determining the significance of the statement, this view also correlates with Hunter, (2009) Implementing of an effective M&E demands for the staff to undergo training as well as possess skills in research and project management, hence capacity building is critical. In-turn numerous training manuals, handbooks and toolkits have been developed for NGO staffs working in project, in order to provide them with practical tools that will enhance result-based management by strengthening awareness in M&E (They also give many practical examples and exercises, which are useful since they provide the staff with ways of becoming efficient, effective and have impact on the projects (Shapiro, 2011).

In analysis of the influence of coefficient of variables the results show that one percentage change in Technical capacity leads to 0.814 change in Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings and this is also significant at P-value =0.000, this view was also shared by Gorgens & Kusek, 2010) who indicates that Qualified Personnel: The M&E system cannot function without skilled people who effectively execute the M&E tasks for which they are responsible. Therefore, understanding the skills needed and the capacity of people involved in the M&E system (undertaking human capacity assessments) and addressing capacity gaps (through structured capacity development programs) is at the heart of the M&E system (:43). In its framework for a functional M&E system. This was also further highlighted by response from the study where majority 66 (80.5) of the respondents stated that Ibanda district employs competent staff while only 2 (2.4%) of the respondents disagreed, this was further indicated by High mean value of 4.74, showing that respondents agreed and majority 59 (72%) of the respondents strongly agreed with the statement that the staff have required technical capacity to execute their tasks, this view further shows that the staffs at Ibanda health facility have the required technical capacity, this is also further showed by the high mean value of 4.64.

In findings out whether the Staff are placed in departments for which they qualify in Ibanda district it was discovered that a high mean value of 4.70 indicated that indeed the staffs at Ibanda Health facilities of Health III’s and IV were placed in Departments to which they qualify, this was also further supplied with the percentages of 59 (72%) of the respondents agreeing, this view was also shared by UNAIDS (2008) notes that, not only is it necessary to have dedicated and adequate numbers of M&E staff, it is essential for this staff to have the right skills for the work. Moreover, M&E human capacity building requires a wide range of activities, including formal training, in-service training, mentorship, coaching and internships. Lastly, M&E capacity building should focus not only on the technical aspects of M&E, but also address skills in leadership, financial management, facilitation, supervision, advocacy and communication.

The study results indicate that majority of the respondents asserted that Employees are taken through professional development courses periodically, this is indicated by a mean value of 4.23 and the percentage are also in the same at 38 (46.3%) strongly agreeing, this was also in line with Nabris, (2002) who indicates that Monitoring and evaluation carried out by untrained and inexperienced people is bound to be time consuming, costly and the results generated could be impractical and irrelevant. Additionally, the lack of capabilities and opportunities to train staff in technical skills in this area is clearly a factor to be considered. During the consultation processes, there was consensus among CSOs that their lack of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms and skills was a major systemic gap across the region. Furthermore, while there is no need for CSOs to possess extraordinarily complex monitoring and evaluation systems, there is certainly a need for them to possess a rudimentary knowledge of, and ability to utilize reporting, monitoring, and evaluating systems.

The study also discovered that Employees are given enough orientation to ensure that they are well equipped for their roles, the mean value was 4.37, indicating that indeed employees at Ibanda Health centers are given enough orientation this was also in line with , White (2013) who assert that on monitoring and evaluation best practices in development INGOs, indicates that INGOs encounter a number of challenges when implementing or managing M&E activities one being insufficient M&E capacity where M&E staff usually advise more than one project at a time, and have a regional or sectoral assignment with a vast portfolio.

In order to answer the second objective; To assess the relationship between financial capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District. the results in the table shows that the Pearson correlation analysis coefficient was 0.831^**indicating that there was a strong correlation between Financial capacity and Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This is strong because the more the Pearson correlation tends towards one the stronger the relationship between the variables, this was also in line with USAID, 2015) which indicates that Financial Capacity refers to the extent to which funds are available to finance and facilitate the monitoring and evaluation function in an organization. In this study therefore, financial capacity will be measured in terms of whether there are adequate financial resources, whether the funds are released in a timely manner and whether the funds are accounted for.

According to the findings of the study of the study P-value 0.000 <0.005 indicating that the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. This Findings also further indicates that there is a relationship between Financial capacity and M&E findings, in the study the results further show that a one 1 percentage change on Financial capacity leads to 0.682 change on Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This result shows that there is a positive relationship between Financial capacity and utilization of M & E findings Clear (2012) who indicates that there is empirical evidence to suggest that lack of adequate financial capacity constrains M& E systems. found that after several years of implementing the national M&E system, significant progress had been made. However, challenges include severe financial constraints; institutional, operational and technical capacity constraints; fragmented and uncoordinated information, particularly at the sector level. To address these challenges, the CLEAR report argues that the current institutional arrangements will have to be reinforced with adequate capacity to support and sustain effective monitoring and evaluation, and existing M&E mechanisms must be strengthened, harmonized and effectively coordinated.

A regression analysis was run between financial capacity on the utilization of M & E findings and the value was of R-squared was used to determine the strength of the relationship in a bid to answer the second objective and Hypothesis of the study, In determining the strength of the relationship between Financial capacity and utilization of M & E findings, the R-squared Value 0.691 indicates that 69% of the factors affecting utilization of M & E findings are affected by Financial capacity of the organization. This value is a good fit therefore financial capacity to a large extend affects utilization of M&E findings, this was also in line with Koffi-Tessio (2002), on Efficacy and Efficiency of Monitoring-Evaluation Systems (MES) for Projects Financed by the Bank Group that was done in Burkina Faso, Mauritana, Kenya, Rwanda and Mozambique, through desk review and interviews, for projects approved between 1987 and 2000. Monitoring-Evaluation systems are not meeting their obligatory requirements because of financial constraints.

On findings out if the financial resources are always sufficient the results indicated that only 28 (34.1%) of the respondents agreed. This result indicated that financial resources are not always sufficient. The findings also further indicated that majority 42 (51.2%) of the respondents agreed that there is proper management of financial resources at public level III and IV health facilities, the findings from the table indicates that only 40 (48.8%) of the respondents agreed with the statement that Implementation of key activities is performed timely due to availability of funds, this indicates that most of the respondents did not agree. The table further shows that only 27 (32.9%) of the respondents strongly agreed that Accountability for funds used in the implementation of key M&E activities is made timely, this view was also shared by Gamba (2016) to determine the factors affecting the utilization of evaluation findings in malaria control projects in Uganda found that management support was low and financial resources allocated for M&E was insufficient. This greatly affected effective outcome and impact monitoring and evaluation of projects.

In examining the relationship between the quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District. The Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Pearson Correlation analysis was 0.833^**, indicating that there is a strong positive relationship between Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings and Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This view was also shared by Mulandi, (2013), who indicates that Quality of M&E Findings refers to the extent to which the M&E systems and activities meet the specified requirements and standards (For this study, the qualities of M&E findings meet the standards and requirements.

According to the findings in the study, the R-squared value 0.694, indicates that there is 69.4% of the changes in utilization of M&E findings is affected by quality of M&E systems. In order to test the third hypothesis an ANOVE test was carried out between quality of M&E systems on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities. In an analysis of the variables the results indicated that P-value 0.000<0.005 indicating that there is a significant relationship between quality of monitoring and Evaluation and utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. This results therefore rejects the null hypothesis and accepts the alternative hypothesis, this view was also shared by Cornielje, Velema and Finkenflugel (2008) who only when the monitoring system is owned by the users the system is it likely to generate valid and reliable information. However, all too often the very same users may be overwhelmed by the amount of daily work which in their view is seen as more important than collecting data and subsequently the system may become corrupted. They conclude that it is of extreme importance that the front-line workers are both involved in monitoring and evaluation and informed about the status of the services and activities they largely provide in interaction with other stakeholder and beneficiaries

The study was set out to factors affecting utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings in public health facilities in Ibanda district, Uganda. Conclusions of the study were made based on the study findings from respondents, documents reviewed, interviews, and questionnaires. Conclusions are presented below according to objectives of the study.

In the findings in the study has revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between technical capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities, the findings further reveals that Building an adequate supply of human resource capacity is critical for the sustainability of the M&E system and generally is an ongoing issue and Both formal training and on-the-job experience are important in developing evaluators with various options for training and development opportunities which include: the public sector, the private sector, universities, professional associations, job assignment, and mentoring programs are essential in having a successful monitoring and evaluation team to enhance the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities.

The findings have also indicated that Ibanda district employs competent staff, the staff have required technical capacity to execute their tasks. It was further revealed that the Staff are placed in departments for which they qualify in Ibanda district.

The results also revealed that the Employees are taken through professional development courses periodically and it was also revealed that Employees are given enough orientation to ensure that they are well equipped for their roles. The staff in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to collect M&E data.

The study also further concluded that Human capital, with proper training and experience is vital for the production of M&E results. There is need to have an effective M&E human resource capacity in terms of quantity and quality, hence M&E human resource management is required in order to maintain and retain a stable M&E staff .

To assess the relationship between financial capacity on the utilization of M&E findings in the public level III and IV health facilities in Ibanda District. the results in the table shows that the Pearson correlation analysis coefficient was 0.831^**indicating that there was a strong correlation between Financial capacity and Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings.

There is empirical evidence to suggest that lack of adequate financial capacity constrains M& E systems. found that after several years of implementing the national M&E system, significant progress had been made. However, challenges include severe financial constraints; institutional, operational and technical capacity constraints; fragmented and uncoordinated information, particularly at the sector level. To address these challenges, the CLEAR report argues that the current institutional arrangements will have to be reinforced with adequate capacity to support and sustain effective monitoring and evaluation, and existing M&E mechanisms must be strengthened, harmonized and effectively coordinated.

On findings out if Implementation of key activities is performed timely due to availability of funds, this indicates that most of the respondents did not agree. The study results further shows that accountability for funds used in the implementation of key M&E activities is not made timely at Ibanda District local government.

Respondents Agreed that the people managing the funds of the key activities are accountable while on the same majority of the respondents were not sure that the funds are strictly used for their intended specific purposes.

However, all too often the very same users may be overwhelmed by the amount of daily work which in their view is seen as more important than collecting data and subsequently the system may become corrupted. They conclude that it is of extreme importance that the front-line workers are both involved in monitoring and evaluation and informed about the status of the services and activities they largely provide in interaction with other stakeholder and beneficiaries

On the basis of the analysis of the study, the researcher made the following recommendations, as per each objectives of the study.

On findings out if when a decision is made, funds are made available to support the decision, the results indicated that majority of the respondents where not sure, and a considerable number of respondents disagreed, this result indicated that there is need to provide funds to support utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation funds.

The study also recommends that there is need for the Ibanda Health facilities to provide funding that can be in position to provide support for the organizational financial resources are not always sufficient.

The study also recommends that there is need for Implementation of key activities to be performed timely and funds to be availed on time. The study further recommends that there is need to for the people managing the funds of the key activities are accountable.

The study recommends the following areas of further research;

The role of technology in utilization of monitoring and evaluation results
The influence of leadership on utilization of monitoring and evaluation results
The influence of team work on the quality of monitoring and evaluation results.

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Dear Respondent,

You have been selected to participate in this study, I kindly request for 10 mins of your time to fill in this questionnaire. The aim of this study is to examine factors affecting utilization of monitoring and evaluation findings in public health facilities in Ibanda district.

The information provided shall be used for academic purposes only, thus total confidentiality is guaranteed for all information provided.

Please indicate by ticking in the boxes provided what best represents the category in which you lie.

Section A: Respondent Details:

Gender: Male Female

Level of Education:

Postgraduate Bachelor Degree Diploma Certificate None of These

Department

Clinical Records Management/M&E Other

Cadre

Medical Officer Records/Data Officer Nurse/Midwife Clinical Officer Other

How many years have you worked with Ibanda District Local Government?

Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4 & above

Section B: Technical capacity. Here you are requested to indicate the level at which you agree with the statement by circling a number on a scale of 1-5. The keys have been displayed below where; SA=Strongly Agree, A=Agree, NS=Not Sure, D=Disagree, SD=Strongly Disagree

No	Question	SA	A	NS	D	SD
1	Ibanda district employs competent staff	5	4	3	2	1
2	The staff have required technical capacity to execute their tasks	5	4	3	2	1
3	Staff are placed in departments for which they qualify	5	4	3	2	1
4	The staff employed have the skills that match their job	5	4	3	2	1
5	Employees are taken through professional development courses periodically	5	4	3	2	1
6	Employees are given enough orientation to ensure that they are well equipped for their roles	5	4	3	2	1
7	The staff have enough experience to execute the tasks at hand	5	4	3	2	1
8	The staff in the public health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to collect M&E data	5	4	3	2	1
9	The staff in the public health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to analyze M&E data	5	4	3	2	1
10	The staff in the public health facilities in Ibanda District have the technical capacity to prepare M&E reports using the M&E findings	5	4	3	2	1
11	The number of staff for the different tasks is adequate	5	4	3	2	1

Section C: Financial Capacity: Here you are requested to indicate the level at which you agree with the statement by circling a number on a scale of 1-5. The keys have been displayed below where; SA=Strongly Agree, A=Agree, NS=Not Sure, D=Disagree, SD=Strongly Disagree

No	Question	SA	A	NS	D	SD
1	There are adequate financial resources to execute the key activities	5	4	3	2	1
2	When a decision is made, funds are made available to support the decision	5	4	3	2	1
3	The funds are availed at an appropriate time to execute a key decision	5	4	3	2	1
4	Funds are always sufficient	5	4	3	2	1
5	There is proper management of financial resources	5	4	3	2	1
6	Implementation of key activities is performed timely due to availability of funds	5	4	3	2	1
7	The people managing the funds of the key activities are accountable	5	4	3	2	1
8	The funds are strictly used for their intended specific purposes.	5	4	3	2	1

Section D: Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation Findings. Here you are requested to indicate the level at which you agree with the statement by circling a number on a scale of 1-5. The keys have been displayed below where; SA=Strongly Agree, A=Agree, NS=Not Sure, D=Disagree, SD=Strongly Disagree

No	Question	SA	A	NS	D	SD
1	The M&E findings in the public health facilities in Ibanda district are shared on a timely basis	5	4	3	2	1
2	The M&E findings in the public health facilities in Ibanda district are relevant	5	4	3	2	1
3	The M&E findings in the public health facilities in Ibanda district are well written	5	4	3	2	1
4	The M&E reports in the public health facilities in Ibanda district are compiled by experienced M&E personnel	5	4	3	2	1
5	The public health facilities have adequate ICT hardware and software for collecting and managing M&E findings	5	4	3	2	1
6	The process of obtaining M&E findings is participatory	5	4	3	2	1

Section E: Utilization of monitoring and evaluations findings. Here you are requested to indicate the level at which you agree with the statement by circling a number on a scale of 1-5. The keys have been displayed below where; SA=Strongly Agree, A=Agree, NS=Not Sure, D=Disagree, SD=Strongly Disagree

What recommendations would you give to improve the utilization of M&E data in the public health facilities in Ibanda District?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Thank you for responding

The staff have required technical capacity to execute a task

Staff are placed in departments in which they qualify to be

The staff employed have the skill set that matches their job

Monitoring and Evaluation findings are of high quality

Training manuals and Standard Operating Procedures are given to employees

New employees are given enough orientation to ensure that they are well equipped for their roles

There are enough financial resources to execute the key district activities.

The people managing the funds of the M&E activities are accountable.

Decisions are made based on the monitoring and evaluation findings.

The Management team learns from monitoring and evaluation findings

Thank you for your time.

TICK IN THE APPROPRIATE BOX TO ASSESS AVAILABILITY. (SELECT “YES” OR “NO”)	YES	NO
Monitoring and evaluation reports for the last 3 Financial years(FY 17/18, FY18/19 and FY19/20) are available
Quarterly M&E reports for each public health facility are available (FY19/20)
There are dedicated M&E personnel at district level
There are graphs, maps or tables to display M&E findings at public health facilities
There are graphs, maps or tables to display M&E findings at district level
There is evidence of training/mentorship for M&E staff to improve their capacity in collecting and managing M&E findings

Serial No.	Item	Quantity	Unit cost (Shs)	Total cost(Shs)
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7	Stationary : Ream of papers Flash Disc Pens Pencils Rubber Ruler Calculator	2 1(4GB) 5 5 1 1 1	15,000 30,000 500 200 1,000 1,000 25,000	30,000 30,000 2,500 1,000 1,000 1,000 25,000
2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4	Secretarial services Typing Printing Photocopying Binding	1 4copies 4copies 4copies	30,000 20,000 7,500 8,000	30,000 80,000 30,000 32,000
3	Transport			200,000
4	Lunch	4	10,000	40,000
5	Airtime			30,000
Grand Total				532,500

Decisions are strictly based on Monitoring and Evaluation findings

Management learns from Monitoring and Evaluation findings

M&E findings have always been utilized for making decisions regarding the implementation of programs at health facilities

The improvement in the implementation of programs in the public health facilities in Ibanda District has been based on the successful utilization of the M&E findings

Monitoring and Evaluation findings are shared/disseminated to the relevant people on a timely basis

Activity		Time frame (months)
Activity	June 2021		July 2021	Aug 2021	Sept 2021	Oct 2021	Nov 2021	Dec 2021	Jan 2022	Feb 2022
Identification of the problem
Approval of the research problem
Formulating the research topic
Approval of the topic
Drafting the research proposal
Presenting to the committee
Approval and clearance
Data collection
Data analysis
Report writing
Submitting the report