Methodology
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
This chapter outlines the research methodology, including the research design, study area, population, sample size and selection, sampling techniques, data collection methods, quality control, data collection procedures, and study limitations.
3.1 Research Design
The study employed a descriptive research design due to the nature of the variables under investigation. This design facilitated the collection of data needed for both quantitative and qualitative analysis and allowed for the simultaneous description of views, perceptions, and opinions at a specific point in time (White, 2000). The descriptive design enabled the researcher to gather detailed information on the interests and opinions of respondents regarding the study variables, resulting in valuable data that informed key recommendations.
3.2 Area of Study
The research was conducted at the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA), located at Plot 95, Kampala Road.
3.3 Study Population and Sample Size
The target population included top management, administrative staff, accounting personnel, and suppliers of UNRA (UNRA employee records, 2015).
3.4 Sampling Techniques
According to Amin (2005), sampling involves selecting a portion of the population in such a way that each sample has an equal chance of selection. The sample consisted of 30 respondents: 3 from the accounting department, 10 from administration, 10 from accounting, and 7 from top management. Purposive sampling was employed to select respondents from these categories.
Table: Sample Size of Respondents
| Population Category | Sample Size |
|---|---|
| Administration | 10 |
| Accounting | 10 |
| Procurement and Disposal Unit | 3 |
| Top Management | 7 |
| Total | 30 |
3.5 Data Collection Methods
Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources.
(a) Primary Data
Primary data was obtained through questionnaires distributed to the target respondents to capture their opinions and practices regarding the influence of ethics on financial management at UNRA.
(b) Secondary Data
Secondary data refers to data collected by other individuals or agencies for purposes unrelated to this study (Bell, 1997). This data was obtained from literature relevant to the influence of ethics on financial management at UNRA and was used due to its accuracy and cost-effectiveness compared to primary data.
3.6 Data Collection Instruments
The main data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview guides. Surveys were a key component of the data collection strategy, with questionnaires being the primary method. The questionnaires allowed respondents sufficient time to understand and respond to the questions accurately.
3.6.1 Questionnaires
Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from respondents in different departments, including administration, accounting, procurement, and disposal. The questionnaires, designed based on the study’s objectives and questions, were self-administered by respondents. Close-ended questions were used to ensure convenience, anonymity, and to encourage candid responses from literate participants.
3.6.2 Interviews
Interviews were conducted to gather qualitative data from key informants. A structured interview guide was used, and interviews with administrative staff and suppliers took approximately 30 to 60 minutes. This method was selected to gather first-hand information on respondents’ views, perceptions, feelings, and attitudes. Both formal and informal interviews were conducted to maximize the information obtained from participants.
3.7 Data Collection Procedures
Once permission was obtained from the university, the researcher visited the study area for familiarization. After receiving consent from the staff, questionnaires were distributed, and interviews were conducted with selected participants.
3.8 Quality Control of Data Instruments
The data collection instruments were reviewed by the supervisor to ensure their accuracy. A pilot study was conducted to test the reliability of the instruments.
3.9 Data Processing and Analysis
Collected data was coded, edited, and prepared for analysis. Only complete data sets were analyzed, and the results were presented using statistical tables and graphs.
3.10 Limitations of the Study
Financial constraints may affect the study due to cash flow issues, although efforts will be made to mitigate this. Some respondents may delay in completing the questionnaires or may hesitate to provide information, but they will be assured that their responses will remain confidential.
