Methodology

Methodology

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the methods and procedures to be used in data collection and analysis which consists of collection of data from the field. The fieldwork will involve pavement condition survey through conducting visual inspection and field sampling through interviewing different key stake holders and finally find the reasons for the flexible pavement failure of Kabale – Kisoro road in order to restore  its design life.

3.2 Research Design

The research design selected for this study is of paramount importance, as it dictates the overall strategy and approach to be employed in investigating the causes of repeated pavement failures. To capture the complexity of the issue, a mixed-methods research design has been chosen. This design integrates both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, offering a multifaceted understanding of the causes and contributing factors. The quantitative aspect entails objective measurement and assessment of pavement distress using established rating methods, while the qualitative aspect involves exploring the insights and perceptions of key stakeholders.

Figure 1.  4 Chart of Research design/process.

3.3 Data Collection

The process of data collection is a critical phase that directly impacts the reliability and validity of the study’s findings. For the quantitative component, comprehensive pavement surveys will be conducted along the Kable-Kisoro road. Trained surveyors will visually inspect the road to identify and document various distress types, including cracks, rutting, and surface deformations, following the guidelines outlined in the literature (Cheng & Chen, 2019). These assessments will be carried out systematically to ensure consistency and accuracy in data collection.

Concurrently, the qualitative aspect of data collection will involve engaging with stakeholders who possess valuable insights into the issue of pavement failures. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with road users, engineers, maintenance personnel, and relevant authorities. These interviews will delve into their experiences, observations, and perceptions regarding pavement distress, providing a deeper understanding of the operational factors that contribute to failures.

Questionnaires are the most practical and appropriate instruments for survey and statistical research, according to Schaefer (1996). He goes on to say that the great majority of survey samples use very small population fractions and fractional population increments. As a result, this research will use record files, observations, journals, and the internet to collect data.

3.4 Data Analysis

The analysis of collected data is a pivotal step that transforms raw information into meaningful insights. For the quantitative data, the PCI and VCR scores obtained from the pavement surveys will undergo thorough statistical analysis. This analysis will involve calculating averages, standard deviations, and other relevant statistical measures to understand the overall pavement condition and the prevalence of different distress types. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology will be employed to spatially visualize distress distribution along the road.

The qualitative data collected through interviews will be subjected to a rigorous process of thematic analysis. Transcribed interviews will be reviewed and coded to identify recurring themes, patterns, and insights related to the causes of pavement failures. This inductive approach to analysis allows for the identification of emergent themes directly from the data, ensuring that the findings remain grounded in the participants’

3.5 Validation

Ensuring the validity and reliability of the study’s findings is of paramount importance. For the quantitative data, inter-rater reliability tests will be conducted to assess the consistency of distress assessments performed by different surveyors. This step enhances the credibility and consistency of the collected distress data.

In the case of qualitative data, member checking will be employed as a validation strategy. This involves sharing the transcribed interviews and preliminary findings with participants to confirm the accuracy and alignment of their perspectives with the researcher’s interpretation. Member checking enhances the credibility and authenticity of the qualitative findings by allowing participants to verify the researcher’s understanding of their experiences.

3.6 Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations form an integral part of the research process. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants involved in the interviews, ensuring that they are fully aware of the study’s purpose and the implications of their participation. Ethical guidelines will be strictly adhered to, guaranteeing the confidentiality and anonymity of participants. Additionally, the research team will take measures to protect the privacy of participants and ensure the secure storage of data.

3.7 Description of research area

The Kabale – Kisoro Road runs across the country’s central area and connects the nation’s capital Kampala city with south western districts and the cities. It is entirely paved and comprised of a single carriageway.  Kabale – Kisoro Road is one of the busiest arterials from Kampala to the south- western towns of Masaka, Mbarara, kabale to Kisoro  and the Rwanda boarder with very high vehicular traffic. This could be attributed to the many commercial and social facilities

This could be explained by the numerous social and commercial establishments that border the road, such trading centers, which draw a lot of traffic. An approximately 5-kilometer portion of the Kabale- Kisoro Road will be the subject of the research.