CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS

4.0 Introduction

This chapter presents the results in reference to objectives in chapter one. Age of respondents, Education level of respondents, Range of years worked at Britannia Allied Industries by respondents, to identify the various ICT applications used in the accounting at Britannia, to examine the reasons for applying ICT in accounting process at Britannia and to examine the effect of ICT application on accounting processes at Britannia Allied Industries.

4.1 FINDINGS ON GENERAL INFORMATION

4.1.1 Findings on the Gender of respondents

Depending on the sample of respondents that was taken, below is the table showing the gender distribution.

Table 4. 1.2: Shows the findings on the gender of the respondents

Source: primary data

Table 4.1.2 above shows that 60% of respondents were male and 40% were female. This means that the biggest percentage of respondents and employees in the organization that were sampled were male and apart from that it also shows that male gender dominate the work force of Britannia Allied Industries which eased the work due to flexibility of men other than women.

4.1.3 Findings on the age of respondents.

The age groups of the respondents were represented as shown below;

Table 4.1.3: Shows findings on age of the respondents age

Source: primary data

Figure 1: Pie Chart Showing Age Category of Respondents

The table and pie-chart above shows that 33.33% of the respondents are in the age group of 18-29 while 50% of the respondents are in the ages of 30-39 while the remaining respondents of 16.6% are in the ages of above 40 years. This showed that respondents between the age 30-39 dominated all therefore are still in an active range therefore can give sound and clear responses in relation to the questions which gives accuracy in data collected.

4.1.4 Findings on the education level of respondents.

The education levels of the respondents were as shown in the table below;

Table 4.1.4: Shows findings on education level of respondents

From the findings above the table this implies that the degree holders are able to give reliable information about the topic since they have enough knowledge and qualifications.

4.1.5 Findings on the number of years respondents have worked at Britannia Allied Industries.

The number of years respondents have worked with Britannia Allied Industries is as shown in the table below;

Table 4.1.5 Showing the number of years respondents have worked at Britannia Allied Industries.

Source: primary data

The table shows that majority of the respondents have worked for the time period of 6-10 years and therefore have much knowledge about the organization thus can give adequate information.

Figure 2: Bar Graph Showing Number of Years the Respondents have Worked at Britannia Allied Industries

The bar graph above shows that majority of the respondents have works between  the range of 6-10 years this shows that  the majority of the respondents have enough knowledge on the operations of Britannia Allied Industries and therefore they were able to give detailed information regarding the topic.

Then the least of respondents have worked there for 10 years and above however those that have worked between 3-5 years are more than them.

4.3 Various ICT applications used in the accounting at Britannia Allied Industries.

Table 4.3.1: Shows various ICT applications used in the accounting at Britannia Allied Industries.

Source: Primary Data

Microsoft excel is used in accounting tasks  

The results shows that 66% of the respondents assert that agreed, that Microsoft excel is used in accounting tasks   (48%) strongly agreed, (18%)   agreed, 16% disagreed, 8% disagreed and the remaining (8%) strongly disagreed.

This implies Microsoft excel is used in accounting tasks   in an organization.

Electronic point of sale can be used in accounting

According to the findings in the study 84% of the respondents agreed, (60%) strongly agreed, (24%) agreed, (12%) disagreed and (4%) strongly disagreed.

This implies that Electronic point of sale can be used in accounting most of the employees acknowledge the fact.

Microsoft power point is essential in accounting

The results shows that most of the respondents agreed 72% agreed, (20%) strongly agreed, (52%) agreed, (8%) disagreed and (12%) strongly disagreed.

This implies that Microsoft power point is essential in accounting.

Use of Electronic data interchange is essential in accounting

The findings in the study in the study shows that 80% of the respondents agreed, (4%) disagreed and (16%) of the respondents strongly disagreed that ICT allows communication to be reproduced.

This implies that majority of the respondents hold the view that ICT allows communication to be reproduced.

Allows communication to be viewed conveniently email or internet

The findings in the study shows that 84% of the respondents agreed, (36%) strongly agreed, (48%) agreed, while (12%) disagreed and the remaining (4%) strongly agreed.

This implies that most of the respondents assert that email or internet is used in internal communication in an organization.

It reduces errors in documents

The results shows that 84% of the respondents agreed with the fact that ICT reduces errors in documents , (24%) strongly agreed, (60%) agreed,  while (16%) disagreed.

This implies that the use of ICT helps in reduction of errors in the organizational documents, it further indicates that majority of the employees share the same view.

Instructions from top management reach subordinates conveniently

The findings shows that 88% of the respondents Hold the view that instructions from top management reach subordinates conveniently, (56%) strongly agreed, (32%) agreed, while (4%) of the respondents strongly agreed.

This implies that majority of the respondents assert that ICT helps in ensuring that Instructions from top management reach subordinates conveniently.

4.2 Causes of procurement irregularities at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES.

The causes of procurement irregularities realized at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES are summarized in the table below;

Table 4.2.1: Shows the causes of procurement irregularities.

From table 4.2.1 above, findings revealed that, 50% of respondents strongly agreed that conflict of interest is one of the primary causes of procurement fraud , 33.3% agreed while 16.6% agreed this therefore shows that majority of respondents agree that conflict of interest is the major cause of procurement fraud at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES.

According to the table 60% of the respondents strongly agreed that lack of job security amongst the workers has fuelled procurement fraud in the organization, while the remaining 40% agreed this therefore shows that all the respondents agree with the fact that lack of job security fuels procurement fraud in the organization.

According to the table above, 73.3 % of the respondents strongly agreed that rationalization is a critical cause of procurement irregularities at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES while 16.7% agreed, 3.3% of the respondents were not sure while the remaining 10% basing on this response it is therefore clear that rationalization causes procurement fraud at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES.

From the table 83.3% of respondents strongly agreed that poor record keeping causes procurement irregularities at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES while the remaining percentage of 16.6% of the respondents agreed this makes it clear that procurement irregularities is a critically fuelled by poor record keeping.

The table above indicates that 60% of respondents strongly agreed that low staff remuneration is a big player in fuelling procurement irregularities, 20% agreed while the remaining 20% were neutral over the issue. Due a big percentage of 80 percent in favor of the fact that low staff remuneration is a major cause of procurement irregularities.

The above table also shows that 50% of the respondents strongly agreed that influence of politicians causes procurement irregularity while the remaining 50% agreed this therefore shows that 100% of the respondents agreed that procurement irregularity at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES is caused by influence of politicians.

The table also shows that 73.3% of the respondents strongly agreed that limited procurement skills among the procurement staff has increased on procurement irregularity at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES this therefore shows inadequate procurement skills among the procurement staff has increased on procurement irregularity at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES while 16.7% agreed and 10 percent disagreed despite the disagreement the majority of the respondents agreed.

4.4 Effects of ICT systems adoption on detection of such procurement irregularities. Table 4.4.1: Shows effects of ICT systems adoption on detection of such procurement irregularities.

From table above, 60% of the respondents strongly agreed that implementation of ICT system in an organization enables it to have e-catalogue systems which has got numerous benefits to an organization while the remaining 40% agreed; this therefore shows that the majority of the respondents agreed that ICT systems enables the implementation of e-catalogues to an organization in order for it to be efficient.

According to table above it indicates that, 73.3 % of the respondents strongly agreed that ICT enables an organization to reduce costs in procurement related process , while 26.7% agreed , while none of the respondents, was neutral, disagreed, and strongly disagreed, this findings also shows that indeed ICT  enables an organization to reduce costs.

Findings revealed in table above, shows that 50% of the respondents strongly agreed and the remaining percentage this therefore shows that 100% of the respondents agree with the fact that ICT enables an organization to increase its productivity.

According to the table 56.7% of the respondents strongly agreed that ICT enables an organization to visualize its expenditure, while the remaining 33.3% of the respondents Monitoring and controlling of the spend strongly agreed, while none of the respondents was neutral, disagreed or strongly disagreed, this therefore clearly shows that ICT enables an organization to visualize its expenditure.

From table above, majority of the respondents strongly agreed that ICT enables an organization to monitoring and controlling of the procurement process while 23.3% agreed while none of the respondents were neutral, disagreed or strongly disagreed.

The table above shows that majority of the respondent assert that E-receipting is achieved in the implementation of ICT in the procurement process the Table further indicates a large majority of around 60% of the respondents strongly agreeing to the fact while 33.3% of the respondents agreed and the remaining percentage of the respondents were neutral.

The table reveals that 50% of the respondents strongly agreed that ICT increase on the speed of the procurement process, while 26.7% of the respondents agreed while the remaining percentages of 23.3% of the respondents were neutral.

4.5   Ways of minimizing procurement irregularities.

Table 4.5.1:  Shows the ways of minimizing procurement irregularities at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES.

Table above reveals that proper management of procurement records helps in minimizing procurement irregularity at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES this is supported by the strong percentage of 46.67% strongly agreeing, while 33.3% agreed and 10% disagreed while the remaining percentage of respondents strongly disagreed. This therefore shows that proper management of procurement records is essential for minimizing procurement irregularity at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES.

The table indicates that majority of the respondents strongly and agreed that training of procurement personnel is essential to minimize procurement irregularity while none of the respondents was neutral, disagreed, and strongly disagreed this therefore shows that training procurement personnel is essential to minimize procurement personnel.

According to table above, 46.7% of the respondents strongly agreed that employing procurement auditors is essential in minimizing procurement irregularity at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES, while 33.3% of the respondents agreed while 20% of the respondents where neutral.

According to researchers’ findings, 50% of the respondents strongly agreed that limiting political influence is instrumental towards minimizing procurement irregularities. While the rest of respondents agreed this therefore shows that limiting political influence is important towards minimizing procurement irregularities.

According to the table 66.7% of the respondents strongly agreed that eliminating corruption is crucial towards minimizing procurement irregularities at BRITANNIA ALLIED INDUSTRIES while 16.7% agreed and the remaining percentage disagreed this therefore shows that minimizing corruption is essential towards minimizing procurement irregularities.