CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY

5.0 Introductions

This chapter will include; discussion, conclusion and recommendations of the study.

5.1 Discussions of findings

This section discusses the discussion of findings in line with the study objectives.

5.1.1 Determine the effect of participation as a computer games strategy on literacy skills development

Using the pre-test, treatment, post-test the results shows that the average performance in Phonemic awareness was below the performance after the adoption of computer games strategy

This improvement in the performance of pupils after the adoption of computer games strategy can be Mainly Attributed to the use of participation computer games strategy which includes pupils in the learning process this results is also in line with cankaya (2016) which showed that scholars have also argued convincingly that the exchange of ideas within the classroom is essential topupillearning. With this findings cankaya indicated that when the school adopts participation as a computer games strategy it is able to improve on the literacy skills of the pupils in their learning process.

Due to improvement in the performance of pupils which was as a result of adoption of participation as computer games strategy the results therefore indicates that schools should adopt participation as computer games strategy to improve on the literacy skills of the pupils in schools.

Classroom participation is very important for student learning, because the students are not passive vessels in which we pour information. But to teach themselves, they need to question, discuss, share their ideas, and insights with others. Teachers must be able to present their material, effectively manage their classrooms, facilitate maximum student involvement, and ultimately, enhance students’ learning. Classroom participation has been suggested to facilitate students in developing critical understanding, self-awareness, appreciation for diverse perspectives, and an ability to be proactive. During class participation, students are active, and are responsible for their own learning. There are so many benefits of classroom participation as a result of computer game for children in the classroom. Classroom participation can help students to perform better in school.

The results indicates that without the adoption of participation computer games strategy the performance of pupils remained poor this shows that  to improve on the performance of pupils the schools have to adopt participation as a computer games strategy this results is also in line with Burguillo, (2010) who indicates that higher levels of classroom participation also tended to score slightly higher on personality traits of openness and consciousness as a result of involving pupils in participatory styles of learning. On the same note Din, (2010) further contends that classroom participation can send positive signals to students about the kind of learning and thinking such as growth in critical thinking, active learning, development of listening, and speaking skills needed for career success, and the ability to join a disciplined conversation. He further identified that when students see that their participation is being graded regularly and consistently, they adjust their study habits accordingly to be prepared for active participation. Students’ enthusiasm, involvement, and willingness to participate affect the quality of class discussion as an opportunity for learning.

The findings from the study further shows that the average performance of the pupils in phonemic awareness was lower than in alphabetic awareness while comprehension was also slightly higher. This shows that participation as computer games strategy is better to improve literacy skills development.

Due to higher scores in the performance of students in the use of participation as a computer games strategy these results also agrees with Castells (2000) who indicates that participation through the use of computer games can be used to balance who’s learning in class and how much.  When the children participate in the ordering of letters following what the computers are doing, the teacher can be able to see the level of learning of eachpupiland those that are still behind will be considered. However if children are not given a chance to participate in class, they won’t be able to learn how to form letters because the teacher will not be able to know who knows and those who does not know.

The findings further agree with Huang Wen-Hao, (2010) which states that participation as a computer game strategy creates a climate in which children are encouraged to ask questions. Make it clear to children that you want them to ask questions. Point out that their questions help you by indicating where you might not have been clear. Emphasize that there is no such thing as a dumb question, and make sure to not allow children to ridicule a classmate’s questions. This will therefore help apupilto top ask questions concerning how he or she can be able to order the letters and hence making thepupilto obtain literacy skills.

The findings further agreed with Karakus (2012) which stated that participation as computer game strategy helps to take the student’s questions and comments seriously. The children reluctance to ask a question or volunteer an answer might be due to a lack of confidence. Help him or her gain the courage to participate by showing respect for his contributions and giving thoughtful answers to his questions. Listen attentively while he is talking; do not interrupt him or her. Try to find something positive to say about his comments, such as “that’s an interesting step. I never thought about it that way” or “that’s a really creative idea”.

5.1.2 Assess how demonstration as a computer game strategy affects literacy skills development

The  results also indicated that there was slight improvement in the performance of pupils as a result of adoption of demonstration as a computer games strategy this findings is also in line with Castells (2000) whose findings stated that demonstration as compeer game strategy can help to ensure attention among the children. When the demonstration is taking place by the computer, thepupilwill make sure that is attentive to maters whatever step the computer is following in the formation of letters. This is because thepupilwill be sure that in case he or she missed one step, he or she will not be able to form how that letter is formed. This therefore will make thepupilmore attentive and hence improving on their ability of learning how to form letters in addition to that  Lankshear & Knobel(2006)which shows that demonstration as a computer game strategy builds confidence in the child; in most cases thepupilmight not be confidence in him or herself that he or she can be able to form a letters. However when thepupilsees the demonstration of the formation of letter. He or she will gain that confidence that he or she can also form it. This is because the demonstration will show the steps that the pupil has to follow in the formation of letters and it will show the final letter formed which will give the pupil more confidence to form it.

The findings further showed that Lee (2015) demonstration as a computer game strategy gives patience ion a child. Since the demonstration is step by step, the pupil will be patience to wait until the last step when the letter is formed. The pupil wall is able to follow each step of the formation ad at each step the pupil will be learning until the last step when the letter is formed. Unlike other strategies, the computer game strategy is interesting to the pupil and this will make the pupil to love the prices and be patience to wait and see the outcome.

The findings further showed that Mitchell (2004) demonstration as a computer game strategy can help the pupil to also questions concerning the entire process of forming letters. The pupil will be following each step in the demonstration and the step where the pupil finds him or she not will be able to ask the question such that the facilitator or the teacher can explain to the pupil before the end of the demonstration. This means that the teacher will have to pause the computer and answer the pupil question before the end of the formation such that the pupil is not left behind.

The findings further agree with Lee(2015) which stated that demonstration as a computer game strategy leads to systemic learning. This is because the pupil will be able to learn step by step as the process or procedure continues. In formation of letters, it is important to learn each step followed such that you are not left behind. Therefore at each step where the computer will demonstrate them, the pupil will be mastering each step and this will help the pupil to learn note on the formation of letters and hence improving on the formation of letters by the child.

The findings further agree with Lim (2014) which stated that demonstration by the use computer games hells a pupil to analyses the formation of letters. The pupil will watch the demonstration many times to ensure that he or she analyses the important steps followed and also to see that he or she can come up with the best sample.  Thepupil will keeping analyzing the formed letters and he or she will ensure that at the end of the demonstration, thepupilwill be able to have the best results  and also to learn more on how to form a letter without a mistake.

5.1.3 Influence of observation on literacy skills development

The results from the study indicates that there was an improvement in the performance of  pupils as a result of adoption of observation as a computer games strategy t. this findings indicates that schools should adopt a computer games strategy that improve on the performance of pupils and enhances their literacy skills these results is also in line with papastergiou (2010) whose findings state that the blend of these skills allows for vocabulary development, proper grammar skills, future reading skills, and the ability to listen in background noise. These skills, when weak, can be enhanced by patterning how the ear responds to surrounding sounds. The best time to pattern these skills is during the preschool years, as the brain is still growing. This can be done with imitating activities that exercise the specific weaknesses over a long period of time.

On the same view of the importance observation of in the enhancement of literacy skills of the pupils in school was also agitated by  Ping Lim (2015) whose findings show that observation as a computer game strategy in enhancing reading become extremely important when thepupilenters a learning environment such as a preschool. They are equally important to their social development as they attend and observe in conversations.

Cameron, (2015) contends that pupils who were able to observe their teachers in the class rooms were able to have better academic achievement than the others. He further stated that who stated a preschoolpupilalso enjoys listening to music, songs, and stories. Some children enjoy music but can’t listen to conversation for long periods of time. Other children can listen and attend only as long as a visual picture is also present like the television. Each of these children has different listening skills, some of which can have a negative response in a school environment. However observation can help apupilto understand what is important and be able to engage in the activity after the observation exercise or even learns instantly from the imitating game.

The results from the study further indicates that the improvement in the performance was only as a result of adoption of observation as a computer games strategy this was also in line with Bonk(2004) whose findings show that observation is important in ensuring that thepupilgets reading skills. However, for the preschoolpupilobservation is essential in helping apupildevelop and reach their fullest potential.

Children learn to make key decision after they have been able to observe from their elders therefore for better decision making children need to be given an opportunity to observe. If thepupilfinds out that decision can be made without any obstacle, he will learn that if there is a need to make a decision, he or she will be abler to decide and this will motivate thepupilto learn how to read.

Lopez-Morteo(2014)who states that observation is vital in building a child’s cognitive, behavioral and affective aspects. It is essential they develop this ability to interact and communicate with the world efficiently. By building the foundation and being competent in the auditory and thought awareness facets, children are prepared and equipped to face intellectual, social and emotional endeavors. There are numerous advantages when these two skills are developed and honed.

On the same note McFarlane (2012) who states that children commonly learn through observation and paying attention to what they see and hear around them. As they gain more knowledge and experience, they develop their own ideas, interests and preferences. They filter important facts and opinions through active listening. Moreover, they concentrate on the main points of discussion and events to know the consequences. Understanding such things enables children to guide their self-inquiry and discover their individual possibilities.

Kiili, (2007) contends that that when thepupilbegins school, observation increases his listening skills and attention span increase in importance. At this age, she or he will begin interacting with other children regularly and will have to retain information based on these interactions. The child’s self-concept and social life are dependent on what he or she learns from the imitation.

In line with Harter (2011) indicates that observation is an effective way to deepen communication and foster relationships. As children start to interact, socialize and mingle with their peers, they need to be ready to listen and give their attention. Children who feel appreciated and valued are more likely to confide their feelings to their acquaintances. Cultivating the skill in active listening can in this way facilitate day-to-day affairs and the formation of lasting friendships which helps them in reading.

5.2 Conclusion of the study

The results in the study indicates that majority of the respondents state that through observation children are able to learn to speak, this results indicates that observation helps the children learn to speak through observation. This is because when the children observation a conversation in the computer games they are able to adopt the key skills in speaking this enhances their ability to learn and develop.

The study revealed that children learn through participation this indicates that when the children participate they are able to learn and developed their literacy skills and therefore the use of computer games strategy is essential to the learning skills development of the children.

Children can exchange ideas with in classroom when they participate in the study, This findings show that participation helps children to learn how to exchange ideas in the classroom this also help them to enhance their literacy skills.

Children can develop their critical thinking skills when they participate in the study this helps them in developing their literacy skills, these results shows that when the children are given.

The study results revealed that observation is essential in development of children

The findings revealed the children are able to learn decision making skills through observation this is because through  therefore adopting of computer games strategy is important as children are able to learn how to make key decision that will help enhance their decision making.

Use of computer games helps to enhance the vocabulary skills of children this shows that when children observe the way the games are played they are able to understand and develop their own independent understanding of the study.

Revelation from the study indicates that most of the children spell words using computer games strategy this shows that use of computer games strategy is essential in enabling the children enhance their literacy skills to enable them learn.

The findings in the study revealed that the use of computer games strategy enhances enables the children to listen through observation this is because when children observe they are able to acquire the listening skills that is in the study.

Recommendations

The study made the following recommendations;

The study recommends that the schools should ensure that during the teaching of learners observation strategy should be used to enable the learners to be more competent about the different skills like Phonemic awareness, Comprehension, Alphabetic awareness and Letter formation.

The study recommends that schools should ensure that children are involved in the study so that they are able to learn and improve on their key skills. Participation of learners during the study is essential to enable the learners become competent learners.

Most of the teachers stated that they were not trained; therefore the government needs to train pre-primary school teachers on how to use the computers so that they can learners the computer games well.

The school should construct computer laboratories so that the learners can have enough time to learn the computer games more to that the school should also recruit more teachers of computers so that the schools have enough computers.

The schools should include computer games in the time table so that it is taught regularly , this will ensure the computer games is taught regularly and learners are able to concentrate on computer games.

The study recommends the different schools to recruit computer games teachers so that the learners are able to learn well.