CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
This chapter presents the research design, area of the study, study population, sample size, sample techniques, the data collection instruments, the procedures of data collection, ethical considerations, and data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
A descriptive research design will be used. A quantitative design, combined with qualitative method will be used for this study. Qualitative approach involves an unstructured approach to inquiry and allows flexibility in all aspects of the research process. It is more appropriate to explore the nature of a problem, issue or phenomenon without quantifying it. Its main objective is to describe the variation in a phenomenon, situation or attitude like description of an observed situation, or opinions. Quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. The research will use this method because it produces information only on the particular cases studied.
3.2 Area of study
The study will be carried out at Centenary bank which is located in Najjanankumbi branch – Wakiso district. This area will be chosen because it will be accessible; it will be also convenient for easy and cheap data collection. The bank extends financial and non-financial services to the area household.
3.3 Population of the Study
According to Baron, (2011), this constitutes people-individuals, organizations, groups, communities or other units that provide information or to collect information about for the study. The target population will be comprised of 56 respondents both male and female from BANK. It included 26 staff and 30 clients of centenary bank.
3.4 The Sample Size
The sample refers to a few items selected from the universe or population for study purposes, (Baron, 2011). The study used a total of 50 respondents from centenary bank (loans officers/credit officers, accountants and treasury/risk managers and clients) and will be regarded representative of the study population and will provide a manageable volume of data and allowed the researcher to make accurate estimates of thoughts and behavior of a larger population.
3.5 Sampling Procedures
According to Baron, (2011), sampling is a definite plan determined before data collection for obtaining a sample from a given population. It involves three decisions: who to be sampled, how many people to sample, and how to obtain the sample. The following sampling techniques will be used. Purposive Sampling involves deliberate selection of particular units of the population for constituting a representative sample (Baron, 2011). It involves convenience and judgemental sampling. Judgmental sampling or purposive sampling – The researcher will choose the sample based on who she thinkswill be appropriate for the study.
3.6 Data source
The data to be collected will be primary and secondary in nature. Primary data will be collected from respondents through the use of questionnaires and interview sessions. The secondary data will be collected from Library, research reports, journals, articles inform of literature review which provided information related to the study.
3.7 Data Collection Instruments
The study will involve the following instruments;
3.7.1 Interviews
The researcher will strived to get first-hand information by making appointments with individual respondents to answer questions related to the study topic. Semi-structured interviews will be used to generate additional information from the respondents. This involved a more interactive interface with staff at centenary bank. The interview guide will be used as an instrument of data collection because it helps the researcher to acquire information which would have if using other methods and it saves time for the researcher and the respondents since only key questions are asked.
3.7.2 Questionnaire
Questionnaires will be used to collect data from key informants mainly because they can read and write, they had busy schedules thus not interfering with them and can answer at their convenient time. Questions will be constructed in simple English that can easily be interpreted. They will be taken to respondents by the researcher and picked at an appointed date.
3.8 Procedures of Data Collection
The researcher will be given a go ahead by the University Supervisor to go to the field to collect data. An introduction letter and a valid identity card (ID) will be presented to the administration to clarify that the researcher is a student of Kyambogo University. With the help of a lecturer, the student will design research tools which include; interview guides and questionnaire. They will be discussed with the colleagues to verify their validity for the case of staff members and clients, the researcher will meet with the respondents at their places of work, the researcher will meet them between 4:00 – 5:00 pm because this will be the time when most of the respondents will be available after their work.Some clients will be visited during working hours with the help of a staff member. After data will be collected, it will be analyzed.
3.9 Quality Control
The quality of the research design that can be checked by considering the validity of the study, reliability of the data and instruments of data collection as well as the generalization ability of the study are described below.
3.9.1 Validity of research instruments
The researcher will administer the questionnaire and interview guides on a small group of respondents to examine the effectiveness, relevance and appropriateness of the language to be used. The questions will be posed using pilot testing methods to test for validity. Adjustments and corrections will be to be made by the supervisor before the questionnaires and interview guides are finally administered to the rest of the respondents.
3.9.2 Reliability of the Study
Reliability is defined as the degree to which measures are free from error and therefore yield consistent results and applies to a measure when similar results obtained over time and across situations. When the outcome of a measuring process is reproducible, the measuring instrument is reliable.When conducting research, the researcher will try to act as neutral as possible in order to avoid being bias. The researcher will be also conscious about the type of questions to ask.
3.10 Data Processing, Presentation and Analysis
The data will be qualitatively analysed. It will involve identifying the major themes arising from the respondents’ answers; assigning codes to these themes; classification of the major responses under the main theme; and integrating the responses into the report in a descriptive and analytical manner. Quantitative data will be analyzed to give percentages, and statistical figures. For the analysis Microsoft Excel statistical packages will be used. Once the questionnaires are checked for completeness and correct recording, it will be then entered into the developed database for subsequent analyses. The researcher will validateentries through regular checks to ensure data will be recorded accurately.
3.11 Ethical Considerations
The researcher will collect data upon seeking respondents’ consent after revealing the type of information needed and the purpose to avoid potential concealment of vital information.
The researcher also will maintain confidentiality of respondents’ information; and will reportthe true findings of the study without any bias.
3.12 Limitations of the study
The study will involve the following constraints;
The time allowed to do this research will be not enough to allow exhaustive study and obtain all the essential information for much more suitable conclusions.
The Researcher will be limited by financial resources such as transport costs and stationery to carry out his research effectively.
3.13 Delimitations of the study
The study limitations will be overcome as follows;
The problem of limited time will be minimized by putting much effort on this research so as to meet the deadline.
Also in an effort to mitigate a challenge of limited financial resources, the researcher will source for funds from a friends, relatives and parents.
