CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

Introduction

These chapters present the methods that will be used to enable the researcher gather data for the study.  It will consist of the research design, research study area, study population, research sampling procedures, data collection instruments, validity and reliability of data, study procedure, ethical consideration and Data management.

Research Design

     A research design is a plan of how the researcher will conduct the study (Kothari 2004). In this study, a both qualitative and quantitative research design were used. Qualitative method was used to collect, present, interpret and analyze verbal data (descriptive and narrative). The descriptive design for example will exhaustively provide a description of the existing relationship between the phenomena and the variables.

Study Population

Sekaran (2003) defines a population as the entire group of people, events or things that a researcher wishes to investigate. The study population will comprise of elder (38), local leaders (4), religious leaders (4) and cultural leaders (4) totaling to 50will be chosen as shown respondents as shown on the table 1 below:

Sample Size

This section will present the sampling techniques and the sample size of the study.

Sample Size of the Study

A sample is part of the target population that has been procedurally selected as a representative of the whole population of the study Cronbach (1951) and in this case it will be 10 as categorized in the table below

Table 1: Sample Size of the Study and its categories.

Sample

Source: Researcher2014

The above was Adopted from Krejcie& Morgan (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement. 30.608. Refer to appendices. The sample sizes of the study will be10 respondents within the study area of Kasana, Nsozi bili, Kikunyu and kiyemba. Comprising of elder (4), local leaders (3), religious leaders (2) and cultural leaders (1) totaling to 10 respondents

The sample will comprise of these categories of respondents because they are resourceful people having information regarding the factors limiting Muslim participation in the management of Muslim founded primary schools.

Geographical Area of Study

     The study will be conducted in kalamba sub-county, Butambala District.

Butambala district is one of the new districts established in Uganda. Created by Act of parliament, the district became operational on 01 July 2010, having been split off Mpigi   district, together with   neighboring Gomba district.  Prior   to becoming a fully-fledged district, Butamabala was    one    of   the    eighteen (18)counties that constitute Buganda Kingdom, Butambala  district is bordered by Gomba district to the  west  and northwest, Mityana District to the  northeast, Mpigi district to the  east and south and Kalungu district to the southwest. The district headquarters at Gombe town council. This location is approximately 68 kilometers (42 mi), by road, southwest of Kampala, Uganda’s capital and largest city. In 2001 censure, the population of Butambala was about 86,600.

Sampling Techniques

Sampling Technique is simply the process of learning about the population on the basis of a sample drawn from it. Under this method, a small group of the universe is taken as the representative of the whole mass and the results are drawn; Kotharin (2004). The sampling techniques will be used in describing the selection of respondents that will participate in the study. Purposive sampling is also called “deliberate sampling” or “judgment sampling “.When the researcher deliberately selects certain units for study method there is a deliberate selection of certain units on the judgement of the researcher and nothing is left to the chance.  But it must be kept representative of the universe.  According to Adolph Jenson 2005, “Purposive selection denotes the method of selecting a field as nearly as possible the same averages or proportion as the totality with respect to these characteristics which are already a matter of statistical knowledge.”It’s basing on this that the researcher will decide to adopt this technique to purposively select elders, local leaders, religious leaders and cultural leaders; this is because they are few and knowledgeable about the subject under investigation.

Data Collection Methods and Instruments

This section will present the research techniques that will be used in data collection.

Documentary Check List

This method will enable the researcher to obtain secondary information on the factors limiting Muslim participation in the management of Muslim founded primary schools. The researcher will review documents on the contribution of polygamy to social stability in Kalamba Sub- County Butambala District. Documentary review sources will include text books, internet surfing, newspapers, articles, public or private recorded information related to the issues under investigation.

Questionnaire

The study used the questionnaire method to collect data. The questionnaire was used because it allows for the collection of data from a big group of respondents in a short period as suggested by Mugenda and Mugenda (1999: 107). The questionnaire was also be used because it allows busy respondents fill it at their convenient time. It also allows respondents

This was used for collecting data from local leaders.

Interview Guide

Enon (1996) defines interview guide as oral and vocal questioning technique or discussion. The interview guide will be structured to comprise a set of issues on which the researcher wishes to draw data. In this method the researcher will interview respondents face to face to obtain in depth information on the contribution of polygamy to social stability in Kalamba Sub- County Butambala District. Interviews with the target respondents will be conducted by meeting the respondents and asking them questions of which the researcher will record all the responses by himself hence the researcher will be the interviewer and the respondents will be the interviewees. Kakoza (2000) hold a view that an interview is a conversion in which the researcher tries to get information from the interviewee and codes it by him/herself. This instrument will be used to collect data from elders, local leaders, religious leaders and cultural leaders. This instrument will allow the researcher to obtain information for example; information on the contribution of polygamy to social stability and so forth and it will also allow the researcher to gain control over the line of questions. on the contribution of polygamy to social stability inkalamba sub-county Butambala district. This will be carried out on, local leaders (3), religious leaders (2) and cultural leaders (1).

Data Quality Control

     Validity and reliability of the research instruments will be measured as follows:

Reliability and Validity of Instruments

Reliability is the extent to which the measuring instruments produce consistent scores when the same groups of individuals are repeatedly measured under the same conditions (Amin, 2004) for the questionnaire, the researcher carry out a test and retest method where a respondent who will complete the question will be asked to complete it again after two weeks and his or her choices will be compared for consistency and to certain if the question is understood. According to Amin (2005), test retest or stability test provides evidence that scores obtained on a test at one time (test) are the same or close the same when the test is re-administered some other time (retested).

For consistency of research results from the study instrument, the researcher will use Cronbach coefficient alpha method so as to determine reliability of this instrument using the formulae below.

A = K         (1-∑SDi²

K-1           SDt²

Whereby a is the alpha coefficient of correlation

K is the Number of Item in the instrument

SDt² are the variance of the scores of the total test

SDi² are the variance of scores on individual items

∑       is the summation

According to Amin (2005), a perfect reliable instrument has a coefficient alpha of 1.00, meaning that all values close to 1.00 are reliable. Also according to Cothari (2004), if 10-20 items are used. The minimum reliability value should be between 0.6 – 0.80.

The above formulae will be used because according to Gay (1996), the formulae requires less time than any other method of estimating reliability.

Validity of the Instrument

Validity of Instruments is the extent to which the instruments used during the study measure the issues they are intended to measure. To Ascertain the Validity, questions will be discussed with the supervisor, given to two independent lecturers, one from the centre of post graduate studies, Islamic University in Uganda and the other Dr. Amin from Makerere university for verification. This will be done to clear any lack of clarity and ambiguity to assess the relevancy of the question with the objective of the study and the content validity index will therefore be computed using the formulae below.

Content validity index (CVI) =   No of items rated relevant

Total Number of Items

The total validity index will be calculated basing on the different sections of the questionnaire. This is supported by Amin (2005) who stated that for any instrument to be accepted as valid. The average index should be 0.7 and above.

Study Procedure

     After the approval of the research proposal and data collection instruments, the researcher will obtain an introductory letter from the Dean Faculty of Education introducing him to the authorities of Muslim founded primary schools in Teso sub region.

Thereafter he will be permitted to conduct the study. He will then make prior arrangements to book the respondents meant to provide information for the study. The respondents of the study will mainly consist of school management committee, Muslim community, local leaders and opinion leaders.

Ethical Consideration

The researcher will respect the dignity of the respondents and will treat the information given by them with uttermost confidentiality and for the research purpose only. The researcher will be keen not to ask provocative questions to the respondents especially questions concerning private life and even those which degrade some body’s dignity.

Permission will be sought from the respondents before approaching their home and working premises and at their convenient times only.

Issues of bribes, undue influence, and cohesion will be strongly avoided by the researcher

False and misleading information will be critically subjected to validity test to check on the error rate in the research.

Data Analysis and Management

Data will be analyzed qualitatively. The information that will be obtained from research will be analyzed and described in relation to research questions and research objectives Mbabazi (2008) believes that the instruments used in data collection in research should be valid and free from bias and practical. Data collected with the use of interview schedules will be put into meaningful and exhaustive categories. Content analysis will be the main method of analyzing the data collected. Miles & Huberman (2004). Data collected will be categorized according to emerging variables from each question in the interview guide.

After the process of interviews, data will undergo coding, editing and classification.

3.12 Conclusion

This chapter will analyze the methods that will be used to enable the researcher gather and analyze data for the study. It will consist of the research design, research study area, study population, research sampling procedures, data collection instruments, validity and reliability  of data, study Procedure, ethical consideration and Data management

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