CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.0       INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the methodology which consists of the research design, area of study, study population, sample population and selection, sampling technique, data collection method, data quality control, data collection procedures and limitations of the study.

3.1 Research design

The research will use cross sectional survey research design. The function of a qualitative and quantitative research design will ensure that the evidence obtained enables the researcher to answer the initial question as unambiguously as possible

Qualitative approach: this approach gathers information based on an in depth understanding of human behavior and the resources that govern the behavior depending on the why and how of decisions making based on theoretical analysis and assumptions of the respondents.

This approach will mainly deal with information which is in words

This will be used because of theoretical analysis and assumption of the respondents.

This will be used because it deals with smaller population and it puts emphasis on uncovering more about people’s experiences.

This will be done by questioning and finding out about people’s views.

Quantitative approach: this approach will be used to collect information that is in numerical form.

This approach that deals with numerical expression in figures in terms of quantity which involves measurement of quantity and amounts, However quantitative approach will be used because of the following reasons; this approach eliminates behavioral biases were by the behavioral beliefs are done away with, the approach leads to accuracy were by results are not guessed, operational risks are reduced. This approach will be used in a way of getting actual figures and taking on calculations then getting answers.

3.2       Area of the study

The study will be carried out at butagaya subcounty jinja district. This sub county will be selected because of the high levels of drop out before finishing primary school, (MOES, 2013).

3.2       Study Population and Sample Size

The study will target school administrators, teachers, parents, and pupils.

  Table: Sample size of the respondents

Source: Primary data

3.3       SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

According to (Amin, 2005) sampling involves selecting a sample of the population in such a way that samples of the same size have equal chances of being selected.

The respondents will be selected using purposive sampling techniques. Berg (2006) purposive sampling, the researcher chooses the sample based on where they think would be appropriate for the study. A Purposive sampling technique will be used because it’s cheap.

3.4 DATA SOURCES

Source of data will be from both primary and secondary sources.

• Primary data

Primary data will be obtained from the questionnaires administered on the target respondents to gain opinions and information on how traditional cultural beliefs and practices affect primary school enrolment and retention among children in Butagaya Subcounty Jinja District.

• Secondary sources

Secondary data is data which has been collected by individuals or agencies for purposes other than those of a particular research study. It is data developed for some purpose other than for helping to solve the research problem at hand (Bell, 1997). This will comprise of literature related to how traditional cultural beliefs and practices affect primary school enrolment and retention among children in Butagaya Subcounty Jinja District in relation to the case study, mainly from school registers and minutes various school meetings in. Secondary data will be sourced because it yields more accurate information than obtained through primary data, and it is also cheaper

3.5 Data Collection methods and instruments

The major instruments for data collection will be questionnaires and interview guide. Surveys will be just one part of a complete data collection and evaluation strategy. The major method of data collection for the study will be the survey, which will be done using selected instruments like questionnaires. The questionnaire will provide respondents with ample time to comprehend the questions raised and hence, they will be able to answer factually.

3.5.1 Questionnaires

The questionnaire will be used to collect quantitative data. The researcher will administer the questionnaires to different respondents in business, administration, teaching, and farmers, which will be designed basing on study objectives and questions. Respondents will read and write the questionnaires themselves. The questionnaires will be close ended and will be considered convenient because they will be administered to the literate and its anonymous nature will fetch unhindered responses.

The researcher will distribute questionnaires to the respondents and then respondents will answer the questionnaires themselves after wards the researcher will collect the questionnaires from the respondents.

3.5.2 Interviews

Qualitative data will be collected from the participants using interviews. The interview guide will be structured. The interviews will be held with head teachers and teachers, and will take approximately thirty to sixty minutes. This will be used since it’s the best tool for getting first-hand information /views, perceptions, feelings and attitudes of respondents. Both formal interviews will be used to get maximum information from the different respondents to participate in the research.

3.6 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

3.6.1Validity and Reliability

The two terminologies emphasis data quality control

3.6.1. Validity

This refers to the extent to which results can be accurately interpreted and generalized to other populations (Oso and Onen, 2008). These writers further define validity as the extent to which instruments measure what they are intended to measure.

The researcher analyzed the data collected and were need arises, the instrument was to be re-adjusted and re-design to improve reliability and validity.

3.6.2. Reliability

Reliability refers to the extent to which an instrument is able to measure one thing over and over again while producing the same results.

3.7 Data processing and analysis

The raw data will be coded, edited, and arranged ready for analyzing only completed raw data will be analyzed using statistical tables and graphs.

Qualitative data will be used to analyze the response from the data

3.8 Anticipated limitations of the study

Financial constraint, cash flow may not flow as   expected but this will not affect the study. Respondents may delay in filling the questionnaire and fear to give information, but they will be persuaded that the information will be kept secret.

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Thank you for your time.

Appendix 1V: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PARENTS

SECTION A.             Background

Date ………………………………..

Number of parents:     Male………………..              Female ……………….

Education background:           How many parents attended – primary level? ………

Ordinary level ………………….

Advanced level …………………

Certificate level and above…………….

SECTION B

Part B1

Factors that influence children’s retention in primary schools

1. Mention five things that encourage children to be retained in school
2. i) …………………………………………………………………………………….
3. ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)        ……………………………………………………………………………………..

1. iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. v) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

2. Give three reasons why children should remain in school and complete the Primary cycle
3. i) …………………………………………………………………………………….
4. ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)        ……………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Mention five things that cause children to drop out of school.
4. i) …………………………………………………………………………………….
5. ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)        ……………………………………………………………………………………..

1. iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. v) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

PART B 2. Education stakeholders

1. Write five major stakeholders that support children’s retention in schools.
2. i) …………………………………………………………………………………….
3. ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)        ……………………………………………………………………………………..

1. iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. v) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

2. What is the role of each of the stakeholders mentioned in B2 (1) above?
3. i) …………………………………………………………………………………….
4. ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)        ……………………………………………………………………………………..

1. iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. v) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

3. As parents, what five things can you do to encourage children to stay in school and complete P.7.
4. i) …………………………………………………………………………………….
5. ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)        ……………………………………………………………………………………..

1. iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. v) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

SECTION C. Roles of Government in supporting children retention in schools.

PART C 1

Mention five roles of government in supporting children’s retention in schools?

1. i) …………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)        ……………………………………………………………………………………..

1. iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. v) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

PART C 2.

Attitude of parents on government policies for children’s retention in schools

1. i) …………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)        ……………………………………………………………………………………..

1. iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. v) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

KEY: SA – Strongly Agree, A – Agree,   D-Disagree, SD –Strongly Disagree

Thank you for your time.

Work Plan (Time Frame)

BUDGET ESTIMATES