CHAPTER FOUR
Findings on the age category of respondents
| Age of respondents | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | 18-25 years | 9 | 32.1 | 32.1 | 32.1 |
| 26-35 years | 13 | 46.4 | 46.4 | 78.6 | |
| 36-45 years | 6 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 28 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
The findings in the study indicates that most of the respondents were in the age category of 26-35 years, 46%, 36-45 years , 21% and while only 32% were in the age category of 18-25 years.
Findings on marital status of respondents
| Marital status of respondents | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Singles | 6 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 21.4 |
| Married | 17 | 60.7 | 60.7 | 82.1 | |
| Divorce | 5 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 28 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
The study indicates that most of the respondents were married 60%, while 21% were single and only 17% were divorced.
Findings on religion of respondents
| Religion of Respondents | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Christianity | 18 | 64.3 | 64.3 | 64.3 |
| Muslims | 6 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 85.7 | |
| Apostalic | 3 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 96.4 | |
| others | 1 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 28 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
The findings on the study indicates that 64% were Christians , 21% were Muslims and 10% were apostolic.
Findings on educational level of respondents
| Education Level of respondents | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Non | 5 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 |
| Primary | 8 | 28.6 | 28.6 | 46.4 | |
| Secondary | 9 | 32.1 | 32.1 | 78.6 | |
| Tertiary | 6 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 28 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: educational level of respondents
The study indicates that 32% of the respondents were secondary school dropouts and 28% were primary school leavers, while only 21% were from tertiary institutions.
Findings on how the respondents relate to their sexual partner
| how do you relate with your sexual partner | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | He is caring | 17 | 55 | 56.7 | 56.7 |
| He supports my baby with everything | 4 | 13 | 13.3 | 70.0 | |
| He does not provide food | 3 | 10 | 10.0 | 80.0 | |
| Does not stay with me | 6 | 19 | 20.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 30 | 100 | 100.0 | ||
| Missing | System | 1 | |||
| Total | 31 | 100.0 | |||
Source: primary data
According to the findings win the study majority of the respondents stated that their husbands were caring, 55% , the findings further demonstrate that 13% of the respondents stated that the husbands supports their baby , while 19% state that their husbands does not stay with them and 10% asserted that their husbands supports them with the baby.
Findings on distance from the health facility and the respondents’ home
| How far is the health facility from your home | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | 0.5 to 1 kilometer | 14 | 46.7 | 46.7 | 46.7 |
| 2 to 3 kilometer | 14 | 46.7 | 46.7 | 93.3 | |
| 4 to 5 kilometer | 2 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
The results in the table indicates that most of the respondents 46% travel a kilometer which is in between 0.5 to 3 kilometer this indicates that most of the respondents stay within, therefore they are conversant with the conditions in the area.
Findings on how much the respondents pay
| If yes how much do you pay for the health services | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | 1,000 to 2,000 | 10 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 |
| 3,000 to 4,000 | 12 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 73.3 | |
| 5,000 to 6,000 | 7 | 26.6 | 26.6 | 100 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the results in the study majority 40% of the respondents stated that they pay between 3000 to 4000 shs. For the health services that they get from the clinics, while 33% indicated that they pay 1000 to 2000 and the remaining 27% of the respondents asserted that they pay in between 5000 to 6000.
Findings on the services provided in the health facility
| which services are being provided in this health facility | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | HIV Counseling and testing | 18 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 |
| Family planning | 10 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 93.3 | |
| Treatment of other diseases like STDs/STDs | 2 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the results in the table majority of the respondents 60% assert that HIV counseling and testing are provided in the health facility, 33% assert that family planning services are provided in the health facility and only 7% of the respondents stated that Treatment of other diseases like STDs/STDs.
4.3 Knowledge of HIV positive mother on the use of family planning methods
The findings if the respondents have ever heard of family services
| Have you ever heard of family planning | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Yes | 26 | 86.6 | 86.6 | 86.6 |
| No | 3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 93.3 | |
| 100 | |||||
| 100.0 | |||||
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the results in the study majority of the respondents asserted that they have heard about family planning service.
Findings on the source of information for the respondents
| If yes who did you hear it from | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Health worker | 21 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 |
| Friends or collegues | 4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 83.3 | |
| Grand mother | 5 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 100 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the results in the study majority of the 70% of the respondents assert that they get information from health worker, friends or collegues 13% while the remaining percentage of the respondents asserted that they get information from their grandmothers.
Findings on the family planning system used by the respondents
| Which family planning services do you use | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Implant | 13 | 43.3 | 43.3 | 43.3 |
| Injection | 7 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 66.7 | |
| IUD | 4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 80.0 | |
| Pills | 2 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 86.7 | |
| Natural method | 4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the results in the table most of the respondents 43% assert that they use implant, while 23% of the respondents assert that they use injection , 13% they use Natural method , 7% use pills , these results most of the respondents modern methods for family planning services, this shows that the respondents are able to access modern health care systems.
Findings on how the respondents chose the method of family planning method
| How did you choose method of family planning that that you used | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Through counseling | 20 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 66.7 |
| Decided to choose it alone | 9 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 96.7 | |
| Afriend chose it to me | 1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to findings 66% of the respondents assert that they chose the method of family planning through counseling, while 30% of the respondents assert that they decided and only 3% state that they chose through the advice of a friend.
Findings on the respondents view if they have tested
| Have you ever tested for HIV | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Yes | 22 | 73.3 | 73.3 | 73.3 |
| No | 7 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 96.7 | |
| 3 | 1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the findings in the study 73% of the respondents assert that they have tested for HIV while the remaining 27% stated that they have never tested for HIV , this results indicates that they have never tested this results further indicates that majority of the respondents have tested for HIV.
THE INDIVIDUAL RELATED FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USE OF FAMILY PLANNING AMONG HIV POSITIVE MOTHERS
Findings on the HIV status of the respondents
| What were the results | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Negative | 16 | 53.3 | 53.3 | 53.3 |
| Positive | 13 | 46.6 | 46.6 | 100 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the results in the study majority of the respondents assert that they HIV status is negative while 47% of the respondents were HIV positive, these results indicates that there is high level of HIV in the area.
Findings on the percentage of respondents on Drugs
| If positive are you on drugs | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| yes | 21 | 70 | 70 | 70 | |
| No | 8 | 30 | 30 | 100 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the findings in the study majority 70% of the respondents assert that they were on drugs while on the remaining 30% were not in drugs.
Findings on the reaction of drugs on the respondents
| What kind of reactions do you get when you use these methods | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Heavy bleading | 12 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 |
| Body itching | 8 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 66.7 | |
| Nausea | 3 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 76.7 | |
| No bleeding | 7 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the results in the study 40% of the respondents assert that they experience heavy bleeding, 26% assert that they experience body itching, 10% Nausea while only 10% of the respondents assert they experience No bleeding.
Findings if the respondents need more children
| Do you need to produce more children | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Yes | 17 | 57 | 57 | 57 |
| No | 14 | 43 | 43 | 43 | |
| 100.0 | |||||
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
According to the results in the study most of the respondents assert that they still need more children 57% , while only 43% stated that they did not need more children.
Findings on the interval that the children need to produce
| At what interval do you need to produce children | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | After 2 years | 7 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.3 |
| After 3 years | 10 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 56.7 | |
| After 4 years | 7 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 80.0 | |
| So long as God gives | 6 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
Findings on the table indicates that majority of the respondents assert that they produce children after three years , while otherv respondents stated 2 years and 4 years while only 20% of the respondents stated that they will produce children as long as God wishes.
Findings on the reaction of drugs on the respondents
| Do you feel any bad reaction after the use of family planning | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Yes | 19 | 63 | 63 | 63 |
| No | 11 | 37 | 37 | 100 | |
| 100.0 | |||||
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
Source: primary data
The result in the study indicates that 63% of the respondents assert that they use family planning services and they face bad reaction after use.
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND AREAS OF FURTHER STUDY
5.0 INTRODUCTION
The study aimed at determining the factors affecting family planning use among HIV positive mothers in Hoima district. The study was guided by research objectives and the researcher summarized the findings in consistence to the research objectives.
5.1.1 Socio-Economic factors influencing family planning services uptake among HIV positive mothers
The results in the study shows that most of the respondents assert that they use implant, is acceptable system, this is also in line with, (WHO, 2009), who asserts that Use of FP among HIV positive clients is supportive in preventing high-risk and unintended pregnancies, which limits births by these clients; in some cases women with unintended pregnancies are more likely to carry out unsafe abortion, which predisposes them to infections such as puerperal sepsis.
The results in the study indicates that most of the respondents assert that they chose the method of family planning through counseling, this is also in line with (MOH/ACP 2012), who state that FP among HIV positive females who never desired children were less likely to use the methods compared to those who still desire children, those who never wanted children said FP has side effects like constant bleeding and others feared ARVs and contraceptive pill burden.
5.1.2 Knowledge of HIV positive mother on the use of family planning methods
The findings in the study indicates that most of the respondents stated that they get side effects after taking antiretroviral drugs, this is also in line with,
Majority of the respondents assert that they produce children after three years this results indicates that HIV positive mothers cared about family planning , this is also in line with Peltzier, Chao, & Dana, 2009), who asserts that the level of use of family planning services among both HIV-positive women and HIV-negative women revealed that there is a higher pregnancy desire and lower contraception and condom use in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative women.
This was further supported by Hey, et al., (2011), who states that Study done in the Kabarole district of Uganda revealed that the probability of HIV-positive women wanting to stop childbearing was 6.25 times higher than it was for HIV-negative women, HIV-positive women tended to want fewer children than their HIV-negative counterparts mainly because they are aware of the risks of MTCT and they do not want to go through the difficulties of having an HIV-positive child.
The results from MOH, (2010) further indicates that Family planning is the key strategy for reducing the number of babies born to HIV-positive women, if they make an informed choice about contraceptive use it will involve recognizing and acknowledging different methods and their effectiveness against pregnancy, as well as the need to prevent STIs and HIV.
5.4 The individual related factors influencing the use of family planning among HIV positive mothers
The findings in the study indicates that most of the respondents assert vthat they needed to produce more children after testing for HIV this is also in line with, Anand A, and Shiraishi RW et al., (2009) noted in a study that the desire to reproduce, lack of information on MTCT and poor outcome of previous pregnancies were among the factors that prompted parents living with HIV to desire children Berhan Y, et al., (2013), and several HIV-positive women encounter unintended pregnancies with a concomitant risk of MTCT while Taulo F et al., (2009); a study done by (Tweya H, et al., 2013) further clarifies that Studies have demonstrated that HIV-infected women who know their status have a lower fertility desire and better use of contraceptives as compared to their HIV-negative counterparts, in Malawi indicated that women with longer follow up time on ART were associated with increased chance of becoming pregnant.
5.5 CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY
The findings in the study indicates that the people living with HIV should be counseled enough to reduce on the number of children they are to have and also encourage them to continue using Antiretroviral drugs to ensure their health is safe.
5.6 RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study recommends the people who are not HIV positive should live health lives and reeuce their chance of contracting the virus while those who are positive should seek medical health and take their And practice health living.
5.7 AREAS OF FURTHER STUDY
The study recommends the following areas for further study;
- Challenges of using family services in rural areas
- The effect on religion of family planning
- The relationship between the spread of HIV with the use of family planning
