ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF BODA BODARIDERS AT WANDEGEYA STAGE TOWARDS FIRST AID MANAGEMENT FOLLOWING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

This chapter will look at the background, problem statement specific objectives research questions and justification of the study.

Boda boda is a motorcycle used for public transport (Macmillian, 2015)

A road traffic accident refers to an accident involved in either a vehicle or motorcycle, occurring on a road open to public circulation and in which at least one person is injured or killed.(national institute of statistics and economic studies Adenike, et al., (2012).

According to Larsson EM et al.,(2009) states that first aid is the emergency care given to the sick, injured, or wounded before being treated by medical personnel or an urgent and immediate lifesaving and other measures such intervention aims at reducing the pains or situations that threaten the victim until a professional arrives or the sick, individual is brought to a health facility.

Taking immediate action and applying the appropriate first aid techniques makes a difference for saving lives (Alemshet et al., 2017). A blocked airway and severe bleeding are the most common fatality in traffic road accident victims. A blocked air way takes less than four minutes to cause death (Alemshet et al.,2017).

First aid is one of the six pillars of the pre-hospital care systems. It is possible to identify and train motivated laypeople to provide basic first aid treatment to the victims until the professional medical staffs arrive at the accident scene or transporting the victim to a health facility (Sasser et al, 2009).

Road traffic accidents remain a threat worldwide despite the safety measures put in place to counteract the concern. About 1.3million people die each year, on average 3287deaths a day as a result of road traffic crashes, cyclists and motorcyclists (Connor J et al.,2009)

Between 20 and 50 million people globally suffer severe injuries with many incurring a disability as a result of their injury. Without action, road traffic accidents are predicted to rise and become the 7th leading cause of death by 2030 (WHO, 2016)

According to the research carried out by WHO (2010) road traffic accidents cost countries approximately 3% of their gross national product and this figure rises to 5% in some low and middle income countries.

Dellinger, &Dinh-Zarr, (2011) indicates that most of the deaths in Africa are as a result of road accident in sub-Saharan Africa could be avoided with first aide services being near to the victims however because of inadequate medical knowledge of the people most of the accident victims die before reaching this is the reason for more accident deaths in sub Saharan Africa than in developed world despite having less motorcycles and cars.

In Africa, Uganda in particular,road traffic accidents are the leading cause of trauma and boda boda contribute 41%of all trauma patients. The average duration of stay while being managed after sustaining an injury resulting from a road traffic accident wa 8.3days, the average cost to maintain a boda-boda patient is determined as Uganda shillings 1,365,300 or its equivalent $369.boda boda injuries consume 62.5% of the budget allocation of the directorate of surgery, mulago national referral hospital (J.Kigera, L. Nguku and E.K Naddumba, 2010)

According to D.L.Kitara (2011), boda-boda injuries constituted 21.9% of all admissions due to trauma in Gulu regional referral hospital and the majority of the victims (57.5%) were males. The victims sustained head injury, chest injury or fractures of the limbs resulting into permanent disability or even death.

Globally few casualties of road traffic accidents receive first aid management at crash scene and fewer hope to be transported by ambulance promptly or at all. The transport that is usually available is provided by untrained people like relatives, motorcyclists, taxi drivers, truck drivers or by police officers. These untrained people at the accident scene may cause serious neurological injuries or fatal consequences as result of attending to these victims without adequate immobilization (khorasani et al 2009)

New  drivers are now obliged by law to undergo a first aid course before they can receive their driving license. However, these laws have not gone far enough, as there are no provisions in place for those who refuse the training. This is where we need a wider alliance of partners to put pressure on the government to strengthen enforcement. (Khan et al, 2010).

In Uganda, voluntary first aid is taught to 2,000 drivers, schoolchildren and workers annually, and first aid posts are positioned in notorious danger-zones throughout the country yet In Ghana more than 85,000 divers have been trained since 2011. (Alasan et al., 2014).

1.1  Problem Statement

In Uganda, Mulago national referral hospital in particular, the records obtained from Mulago records department showed that out of the 1868 patients who are admitted in Mulago due to RTA, 98% of the patients were brought in by boda-boda riders, taxi drivers and police officers without first aid management given to these causalities (Mock C, 2011).

There are ample medical evidences to recommend a ” golden hour” for road traffic accident victims. If first aid and medical assistance administered immediately for causalities within this time, there is a greater chance of survival and a reduction in the severity of their injuries (St. John Ambulance, et al, 2009).Injury due to RTAs is one of the most leading causes of mortality and morbidity leading to avoidable death and disability worldwide (Odero et al, 2009).

Despite the numerous efforts by the Uganda government through Ministry of Health to provide first aid management which led to the establishment of Uganda national ambulance service, between 10 and 20 victims of boda-boda accidents are admitted daily at Mulago national referral hospital, of which an average of 2 patients die, every week while 20% of victims are left disabled (Wagonda, 2011).

It’s against the above background that the researcher seeks to conduct a study on assessment of knowledge, Attitude and practices of boda-boda riders at Wandegeya stage towards first aid management following road traffic accidents.

1.3 Purpose of the study

The purpose of the study is to assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of boda-boda riders at Wandegeya stage on first aid management following road traffic accidents.

1.4 Specific Objectives:-

1. To determine the Knowledge of boda-boda riders at Wandegeya stage on first aid management following road traffic accidents.
2. To assess the Attitude of boda-boda following road traffic at Wandegeya stage towards first aid management following road traffic accidents.
3. To find out the Practice of boda-boda riders towards first aid management Wandegeya towards first aid management following road traffic accidents.

 1.5 Research Questions of the study

1. What is the Knowledge of boda-boda riders at Wandegeya stage on first aid management following road traffic accidents?
2. What is the Attitude of boda-boda following road traffic at Wandegeya stage towards first aid management following road traffic accidents?
3. What is the Practice of boda-boda riders towards first aid management Wandegeya towards first aid management following road traffic accidents?

1.6 Significance of the Study

The study will explore knowledge, attitude and practices of motorcyclists on first aid to trauma patients and the data that will be obtained in the study, will be expected to be useful for a transport authority to plan for Improvement of knowledge and quality care of trauma and accident victims prior to be transferred to health care facilities or trauma center.

The study will help to improve the knowledge and understanding to the nation on how to implore different training sessions and improving on different health skills among different groups of the community to help in pre hospital care.

In addition to the medical assistance by the ambulance and the emergency units at various health organizations around Wandegeya and possibly, at the national referral hospital will utilize the finding of this study for planning health care delivery to RTA victim.

The first person attending road traffic accidents is likely to be motorist, taxi driver and pedestrians especially in Wandegeya. This study focuses on motorists because it accounts for a sub-large number of riders, routes and population movement and therefore may represent the greatest opportunity for road traffic accident care intervention.

This study will also provide baseline information to other researcher to work further research related issues.

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

This study will discuss what various scholars have written about assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of boda boda riders at wandegeya stage towards first aid management following road traffic accidents.

2.1 Knowledge of Boda Bodariders towards first aid management following road traffic accidents.

In Sweden first aide facilities are common in most of the hospitals and people are taught on how to administer first aide in any case of an accident, this has helped reduce on the number of deaths during accidents, in Sweden like other Scandinavian countries they experience the least number of deaths as a result of accidents than most countries in the world (Cassas&Cassettari-Wayhs, 2016).

In most of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa there is a challenge in administering first aid services because of lack knowledge among the residents and also limited facilities, most people have not even seen a first aid box , how it looks this knowledge gap has made it difficult for people to administer the service when needed (Radelet, Lephart, Rubinstein & Myers, 2012).

First aid services are very important to the people and however due to lack of resources most of the people countries in sub-Saharan African do not have the resources to offer first aid services and this has increased on the number of deaths brought about by road accidents.  According to a study in northern Nigeria Limited knowledge on administering first aide facilities is more pronounced in many rural areas because of illiteracy this has thus increased death as a result of accident related causes because people in the rural areas do not know how to eliminate the disease (Pearn, 2014).

In Ethiopia children are taught first aid in school to help in the lowering of road accidents deaths, however the challenge is that subject of first aid is taught as topic in science in primary level there some of the pupils donot take it seriously this has further made Ethiopia one of the countries in Africa with the highest road accidents (, Savitt, Idris&Redberg, 2013).

In Ghana, around 16,000 people are killed or seriously injured in road traffic accidents every year. In response to this new drivers are now obliged by law to undergo  first aid course before they can receive their driving license. However, these laws have not gone far enough, as there are no provisions in place for those who refuse the training. This is where we need a wider alliance of partners to put pressure on the government to strengthen enforcement. The Uganda Red Cross, like their Ghanaian counterparts, is using their influence to help create laws that could save some of the 3,000 people killed on the country’s roads every year (Khan et al., 2010).

In Uganda, voluntary first aid is taught to 2,000 drivers, schoolchildren and workers annually, and first aid posts are positioned in notorious danger-zones throughout the country. In Ghana more than 85,000 divers have been trained since 2011 (Alasan, 2014).

According to D.L.Kitara (2011), Boda Bodainjuries constituted 21.9% of all admissions due to trauma in Gulu regional referral hospital and the majority of the victims (57.5%) were males. The victims sustained head injury, chest injury or fractures of the limbs resulting into permanent disability or even death.

Limited road infrastructures, pedestrians’ pavement and networking, and low level of pedestrians’ awareness on road safety. Thus, the magnitude and complexity of road traffic accident shows obviously that there is a necessity to capacitate citizens’ ability to provide first aid which is particularly essential in the case of drivers, which could make a major contribution to the reduction in road fatalities and severe injuries (Mauritz et al, 2003).

2.2 Attitude of Boda Boda riders towards first aid management following road traffic accidents.

In the united states first aid services are seen as a priority to be given to any accident victim before they are taken for medication in the hospital, this is done in order to enable the victim reduce the pain before the medical team arrives this helps to save because in most cases the victim may be bleeding and if treatment if delayed it may lead to death (Barron, 2014).

Most of the people in sub-Saharan Africa view first aide services as the job for the doctors and with limited number of doctors in the continent this has worsened the death of most of the accident victims because people in especially in the urban areas where there is heavy congestion (Adams & Schiff, 2016).

Most of the people in the crowded city of Nigeria in lagos do not offer first aide services to the people because they feel it’s not their work and that it is the medical doctors who are supposed to administer the treatment. This has thus made lagos one of the worst cities to live in because of high prevalence of accident cases and no first aid service given to the people (Radelet et al., 2012).

Training of young people to administer first aid services is vital for the government of Uganda to reduce on accident cases. Training will help in the changing of the young people attitude towards accident victims and helping them know they can save life before the medical team from the hospital arrives (Yankson et al, 2010).

First aid training started in Ethiopia by Ethiopian Red Cross Society (ERCS). Since its establishment in July 1935, ERCS has trained more than 250,000 first aiders, however, only less than half of them are still active and on duty which were considerably very low comparing with the percentage of population trained in any of Middle East and North Africa countries (First Aid et al, 2014).

In Nigeria, the proportion of drivers with basic first aid knowledge was 51 percent, out of which only 16 percent provided first aid to the traffic accident victims (Sangowawa et al, 2012), in Ghana, the proportion was found to be much smaller estimated at 35 percent (Mock et al, 2002).

The average time for emergency service team to arrive at the accident scene varies greatly across the globe. It was estimated at 15 minutes in Europe, 10 minutes for Singapore, and 3 hours for Nepal and difficult to estimate for east Africa (International Federation for Red Cross and Red Cresecent et al, 2011).

According to the study done in Nigeria, Attitude towards first aid was generally positive and 99 percent of participants of the current study felt first aid was necessary. However, 88 percent of them felt their first aid knowledge was not adequate and were not confident to provide first aid which was much higher than the study finding in India where 42 percent of the respondents felt confident enough to provide first aid without any hesitation. Though, the study revealed respondents exhibited a positive attitude towards first aid, it was not significantly associated with the practice of first aid. A similar finding was found in Nigeria that good participant’s attitude was not significantly associated with practice of first aid. Nevertheless, respondents’ first aid applications considerably increased after the first aid training in Ghanian study (Wren et al, 2011).

2.4First aid Practice

In a study in Asia road traffic are common however the level of first aid services are poor which has threatened the human life because of poor first aid services. In addition to that in 2017, 77% of the respondents had witnessed a RTA in the previous one year and of these 63% provided some help to the victims of the RTA. (UthkarshPallavisarji et al, 2013).  Even if the majority of the respondents in this study provided help to the victims of Road traffic accidents, only a minority 17.3% of the respondents had prior training in life saving skills.

A similar study in India showed that nearly 372 (52 %) of people interviewed, including bus and minibus drivers had witnessed more than two emergencies during the last six months. The most common emergencies witnessed were road traffic injuries (52%) (UthkarshPallavisarji et al, 2013).

It was observed in the study according to Pallavisarji, that scared of doing harm and lack of first aid supplies were the common reasons that would prevent them from providing first aid and cited by 46 percent of the respondents. However, the finding of this study was inconsistent with similar study findings in India where not knowing precisely what to do, fear of the scene and fear of legal complications were mentioned by 30 percent of the participants and only 7.6 percent thought lack of first aid equipment were the reasons (Pallavisarji et al,2013).

The study carried out revealed that 44.3 percent of participants practiced first aid in the last one year. This was much higher than the study finding by Sunday in Nigeria where 37.6 percent of the respondents practiced first aid (Sunday et al,2012).

Regarding the types of first aid provided, 55 percent of participants used correct bleeding control which was much higher than the study finding in Nigeria whereas only 44.5 percent of participants used the correct method of bleeding control. Nonetheless, in the present study, stabilized a suspected bone fractures was 23.2 percent and which was much lower than the study finding in Nigeria where 88.5 percent of the study participants stabilized a suspected bone fractures. Additionally, in this study, 11 percent of participants used correct method of positioning of a suspected spinal cord fracture was consistent with the finding in Nigerian study (Sunday et al,2012).

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter presents, study design and rational, study setting and rational, study population, sample size determination, sampling procedure, inclusion criteria, definition of variables, research instruments, data collection procedures, data management, data analysis, ethical considerations, limitations of the study and dissemination of results.

3.2 Study Design and rationale

This will be a cross sectional descriptive study design employing qualitative methods in which a questionnaire will be used to collect data. The   Participants will be recruited once in the study and interviewed once during the study to allow completion of the study within the academic schedule.

3.3 Study setting and rationale

The study will be conducted at Wandegeya Boda-Boda stage. Wandegeya lies in Kawempe Division, one of the five administrative divisions of Kampala. It is bordered by the Bombo Road/Gayaza Road Roundabout to the north, Mulago Hill to the northeast, Kamwookya to the east, Nakasero Hill to the south east and to the south, and the main campus of Makerere University to the west and northwest. This is approximately 2.5 kilometers(1.6 mi), by road, north of Kampala’s central business district (Globefeed.com. 2014).This place has been specifically selected because the number of Boda-Boda’s is high and its one of the places in Kampala which experiences the large number of Boda-Boda accidents and also the area has a large population.  The setting is chosen because it is accessible to the researcher and is familiar with the area.

3.4 Study Population

The study will focus specifically on Boda-Boda riders in Wandegeya stage, who are approximately 35 in number.

3.4.1 Sample Size Determination

The study will consist of 30 respondents who will include only boda-boda riders who are willing to participate in the study. The researcher has chosen this sample size because it is manageable is because this sample size is manageable

3.4.2 Sampling Procedure

The study will employ a probability sampling technique this will mainly use simple random sampling, which will be used in selecting Boda-Boda riders in Wandegeya stage. According to Creswell, & Creswell, (2017), simple random sampling is probabilistic sampling technique in which all the samples have equal chances of being selecting in the study. This technique will also be used because it is not biased. Using this technique the researcher will write pieces of paper and puts them in a box and then will give the respondents an opportunity to choose. The papers will be written with numbers one and two with number one meaning No and number two meaning Yes. Therefore those who choose number two will be chosen to participate in the study.

3.4.3 Inclusion Criteria.

The study will consider only adult Boda-Boda riders, of which both men and women who will be available at the date of data collection.

Only those Boda-Boda riders who will pick number two will participate.

3.5 Definition of Variables

A variable represents a measurable attribute that changes or varies across the experiment whether comparing results between multiple groups, multiple people or even when using a single person in an experiment conducted over time, In all, there are six common variable types, (Fetters, Curry, & Creswell, (2013). In this study the research will focus on only two variables mainly independent and dependent variables.

3.5.1 Independent variables

An independent variable is a variable that is manipulated to determine the value of a dependent variable (Sekeran, 2003).

In this study independent variable is assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of boda -boda riders.

3.5.2 Dependent variable

The dependent variable is what is being measured in an experiment or evaluated.

Dependent variable can also be defined as a factor whose characteristics can be influenced by other factors(Sekeran, 2003). In this study dependent variable will be first aid management following road traffic accidents.

3.6 Research Instruments

The researcher will use questionnaire for data collection, and the questions will be designed basing on the study objectives.

The questionnaires will comprise of both open and closed ended questions. The purpose of the study will be comprehensively explained to the respondents using the consent form.

The questionnaire will be used to collect quantitative data. The researcher will administer the questionnaire to the respondents. Respondents will read and answer the questionnaire themselves.

3.7 Data Collection Procedure.

An introductory letter from the school administration will be obtained and presented to the chairman Wandegeya Boda-Boda stage for permission to conduct this study. The Questionnaires will be administered to the respondents whose individual rights will be respected. After an informed consent for them to fill. And those that will not be able to read assistant will carry out interpretation

3.7.1 Data Management

Data collected will be tabulated and presented using frequency tables, graphs and or pie charts.

3.7.2 Data analysis

After collection of data, responses from the questionnaires will be studied so as to make sure that the information obtained is complete, consistent, accurate and reliable. Analysis of the data will be done using quantitative method in order to make the findings easy to understand and make conclusion to the stakeholders. Quantitative data will be processed by coding and sorting it to ensure that they match with study objectives. After this, it will be entered into computer and then will be analyzed using SPSS and later interpretation derived using mean scores which later will be used to interpret the findings. A higher mean score for a positive statement will mean that majority of the respondents tended to agree with such a statement and vice versa. For negative statements a lower mean score will mean that majority of the respondents agreed to the statement and vice versa.

3.8 Ethical Considerations

A letter of introduction will be obtained from the Principle of Mulago School of Nursing and Midwifery introducing the researcher to the in charge of Wandegeya Boda-Boda stage to be granted permission to carry out the study and will be introduced to the respondents.

Informed consent will be obtained from the respondents before enrolling into the study. Respondents will be assured of maximum confidentiality of all the information given and numbers will be used instead of respondents’ names.

3.9 Limitations of the study

Since research is an expensive exercise, financial resources might be inadequate.

There is also a problem of limited literature specific to the subject under study.

The available data is old and out-dated.  Current data will have to be obtained from Internet and recent journal articles.

Access to new material on Internet is not easy since some files require one to have a password and username in order to access them and at times not easy to understand

3.10 Dissemination of Results

A report on findings of this study will be compiled and seven copies of the report will be produced and distributed as follows;

• Mulago School of Nursing and Midwifery
• Uganda Nurses and Midwives Examination Board
• Chairman Wandegeya Boda-Boda stage
• Researcher
• Research supervisor

REFERENCES

Adenike, I., Olugbenga-Bello , Oluwadiya, K. Sunday , Bret, A., Nicks , Olakulehin A. Olawale , Adewole O. Adefisoye ; (2012) First aid knowledge and application among commercial inter-city drivers in Nigeria. African Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Asian Pac. J. Health Sci.,(2017); 4(3):121-128 e-ISSN: 2349-0659, p-ISSN: 2350-0964

Connor J, Norton R, Ameratunga S, et al.. Driver sleepiness and risk of serious injury to car occupants: population based case control study. BMJ 2002;324:1125.

Damsere-Derry J, Afukaar FK, Donkor P, Mock C (2008) Assessment of vehicle speeds on different categories of roadways in Ghana.

Global Road Safety Steering Committee: Facts and Figures.<www.grsproadsafety.org/our-knowledge/facts-and-figures-globalcrisis>;2012 accessed 16.03.2012.

Google.”Location of Wandegeya At Google Maps”. Google Maps.Retrieved 18 June 2014.

International Federation for Red Cross and Red Cresecent [Internet]. First aid for safer future: Updated global edition; 2010. Available from: http://www.ifrc.org/pagefiles/53459/

First aid for a safer future Updated global edition Advocacy report 2010.

International Federation for Red Cross and Red Cresecent [Internet]. International first aid and resuscitation guidelines;2011. Available from: http://www.ifrc.org. IFRC % 20 Internationa l % 20 first % 20 aid % 20 and % 2resuscitation % 20guideline % 20.pdf.

Lopez A, Mathers C, Ezzati M, Jamison D, Murray C. (2006) Global burden of disease and risk factors. New York,NY:;The world Bank and Oxford University Press.

Map Showing Central Kampala And Wandegeya With Distance Marker.Globefeed.com. Retrieved 18 June 2014

Mock C, Joshipura M, Goosen J, Maier R(2006). Overview of the essential trauma care project. World J Surg;30(6):919–29.

Mock C, Joshipura M, Goosen J, Lormand JD, Maier R (2005). Strengthening trauma systems globally: the essential trauma care project. J Trauma;59(5):1243–6.

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Nanyonjo, Aidah (2005). “Housing Finance To Resume Loans To NHCC Flat Buyers”. New Vision.

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Pallavisarji U, Gururaj G, Girish RN (2013). Practice and Perception of First Aid Among Lay First Responders in a Southern District of India. Arch Trauma Res.;1(4):155-60.

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Sangowawa AO, OwoajeET(2012). Building capacity of drivers in Nigeria to provide first aid for road crash victims.Injury prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention.;18:62-5,

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX I: PARTICIPANTS INFORMED CONSENT FORM

TOPIC: ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF BODA BODA RIDERS AT WANDEGEYA STAGE TOWARDS FIRST AID MANAGEMENT       FOLLOWING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

Dear Respondent,

I, Mugisa Richard a student at Mulago School of Nursing and Midwifery carrying out a research study on the above mentioned topic request you to kindly participate in this study by answering the questionnaire provided to you. Your participation in this study is voluntary and you are free to withdraw from it at any time you so wish.

The purpose of the study is to examine the assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of Boda Bodariders at Wandegeya stage towards first aid management following road traffic accidents.

Your participation in this study will be a 30 minutes session while filling the questionnaire. In addition, your participation is completely confidential and your identity will not be revealed in the findings of this study.

I have clearly explained the purpose and objectives of the study to you and you have consented to participate

Researcher’s Signature: ………………………………….                Date: ………

I have been clearly explained to the purpose and objectives of the study and I willingly consent to participate.

Respondent’s Signature: ………………………………….               Date: ………

APPENDIX II: QUESTIONNAIRE

Introduction and Purpose

My name is Mugisa Richard student from Mulago School of Nursing and Midwifery conducting a research as a requirement for the award of a diploma in nursing.

Tick (√) against the answer of your choice or fill in the blank spaces where applicable.

SECTION A: BIO DATA

1. Sex a) Male                      b)Female
2. Age
3. a) 20-25
4. b) 26-30
5. c) 31-35
6. d) 36-40
7. Religion?
8. Muslim
9. Christian
10. Pagan
11. Other specify;………………….

4. Tribe …………………
5. Level of education that you have attained?
6. No formal education
7. Primary education
8. Secondary education
9. Tertiary education
10. Marital status?
11. Single
13. Divorce
14. Widow
15. Separated
16. Other Occupation part from Boda-Boda rider?
17. Peasant
18. Pastoralist
19. Self employed
20. Employed by Government
21. None

8 What is your wife’s occupation?

(a) House wife

(b) Farmer

(c) Formerly employed

(d) Others please explain

SECTION B: Knowledge of Boda-Boda riders towards first aid management following road traffic accidents.

9 (i) Do you know first aid services?

1. Yes
2. No

(ii) If yes what is it all about?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

10. Do you have a health facility nearby?
11. Yes
12. No

11. If yes, what is the distance from your home to the health facility?
12. Less than one 1km
13. 2km -3km
14. 4Km-5Km
15. Above 6 Km
16. Does the health facility have first aid services?
17. Yes
18. No
19. If yes have ever been there or used it?
20. a) Yes
21. b) No
22. Do you have the first aid kit with you?
23. Yes
24. No
25. If yes, what are some of the components of first aid kit? tick all that apply

a)triangular bandages

1. b) disposable gloves
2. c) drugs
3. d) not sure

17.what are some of first aid services offered ? tick all that apply

a)Arrestinghemorrhage

1. b) Immobilizing a fracture

c)Only transporting the causality

1. d) not sure

othersspecify……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION D: Attitude ofBoda Boda riders towards first aid management following road traffic accidents.

14. Have you ever administered first aid services?
15. a) Yes
16. b) No

18. Do you pay for first aid services in case of an accident?
19. Yes
20. No
21. If yes how much?
22. less than 5,000
23. 6000-10,000
24. Morethan 11,000
25. Others (specify);…………………………………………

20.Do you feel first is important for patients in need?

1. Yes
2. No
3. If yes why? Tick all that apply

a)it prevent further injuries

b)it helps to waste time

c)it saves life

d)not sure

others specify……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

22. Arefirst aid service expensive?
23. Yes
24. No
25. If yes why? Tick all that apply

a)No medical personels for free

b)no transport means for free

)not sure

Othersspecify…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

24. Do you feel first aid services are important for you?
25. Yes
26. No
27. Whose job is to provide first aid ?tick all that apply

a)All boda boda riders

b)All tax drivers

c)children

d)Medical personels

26. Have you ever offered first aid?

a)Yes

b)no

27. if no why? Tick all that apply

a)I fear

b)Its not my work

c)Not sure

d)Others specify

SECTION C: First aid Practice

28. Have you ever witnessed road traffic accident

a)yes

b)no

29. if yes in which period ?

a)less than 1month

b)less than 3months

c)less than 6months

30. Do you offer first aid?
31. Yes
32. No
33. If no, explain why?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

32. What are the challenges to offering first aid services? Tick all that apply

1. a) First aid kit is expensive
2. b) Lack of knowledge on first aid services

1. c) The community members do not know the benefits of first aid services

33. What are the benefits of first aid services? Tick all that apply

1. a) Saves life

1. b) Helps in managing patients before doctors come

1. d) Relief from too much pain

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ACTIVE PARTICIPATION

APPENDIX III: BUDGET ESTIMATES

APPENDIX IV: WORK PLAN

MAP OF WANDEGEYA

MAP OF KAMPALA

MAP OF UGANDA